The use of long-range memory models as a description of the noise in Earth surface temperatures has increased the recent years, and as a measure of the persistence for such time series we have the Hurst exponent. It is known that sea surface temperatures are more persistent than land temperatures, and that global temperatures are more persistent than local temperatures. We also know that the persistence ...

Anomalously large radial transport levels in fusion devices is commonly believed to be the cause of small-scale edge localized electrostatic drift wave turbulence. We review the basic drift wave instability mechanism and show how poloidally elongated structures can self-consistently emerge from the small-scale turbulent motions through envelope modulation governed by the cubic nonlinear ...

In this thesis, the concept of an emissive probe has been used to obtain the plasma potential in the low temperature plasma experiment NJORD. An emissive probe is a probe concept in which a wire is heated strong enough to emit a Richardson current. The probe is then swept through several voltage biases and thus, an I-V trace obtained. With the current from the emission and the collected current, ...

Analyser av okkultasjonskurvene frå fotoelektriske observasjonar viser at ein stor del av dei observerte stjernene er dobbelstjerner. Okkultasjonsteknikken kan lett åtskilje stjerner som har ein vinkelavstand større enn 0",01 og under gunstige tilhøve kan oppløysinga vere 0",001. I tillegg kan analysen av observasjonen gje vinkeldiameteren til stjerna dersom han er større enn 0",001. Utfrå ...

This work discusses the theory of the magnetizability. The magnetizability is a molecular property defined as the second-order perturbation of the energy in the presence of an external magnetic field. When the magnetic field is static, perturbation and multipole theories lead to an origin-independent expression for the magnetizability, whereas for a frequency-dependent magnetic field its expression ...

Numerical studies of radial filament motions in the SOL of toroidally confined plasmas are studies. We use a two dimensional two-field model to characterize blob-like structures in the radial-poloidal domain. These structures are observed to achieve velocities in the order of the ion acoustic velocity in the SOL of tokamaks and other toroidal confinement devices. By numerical means we find a ...

The thesis discusses the possibility of using ultrawideband (UWB) radar to detect breast cancer. At the present time, X-ray mammography and ultrasound are the golden standard imaging techniques for detection and evaluation of breast cancer, but they both have their limitations. UWB radar utilizes the difference in dielectric properties between a tumor and the surrounding healthy tissue. By interpreting ...

This thesis discusses some of the many techniques for performing blind source separation. Its focus is on the theoretical concepts that allow for the problem to be solved. It starts with presenting the EM algorithm, which is the method underpinning many of the algorithms that are presented later in the thesis. Some of the established methods are presented, and we proceed to devolop source separation ...

The thesis describes observations of strongly enhanced incoherent scatter plasma lines in the auroral ionosphere which were made with the EISCAT UHF radar in 1985. The linear theory of plasma instabilities is reviewed, and several possible explanations are discussed. The observations were found to be of insufficient resolution to unambiguously resolve which one would be the correct explanation. ...

A statistical modelling technique is developed to analyse polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images. Polarimetric SAR data consists of four complex scattering coefficients at each image location, requiring multivariate modelling techniques, and this work focuses on a simple class of multivariate distributions, the scale mixture of Gaussians. Three parametric model families of that ...