Implementation of Virtual Reality (VR) simulators in Norwegian maritime pilotage training

Abstract

With millions of tons of cargo transported to and from Norwegian ports every year, the maritime waterways in Norway are heavily used. The high consequences of accidents and mishaps require well-trained seafarers and safe operating practices. The normal crews of vessels are supported by the Norwegian Coastal Administration (NCA) pilot service when operating vessels not meeting specific regulations. Simulator training is used as part of the toolset designed to educate, train, and advance the knowledge of maritime pilots in order to improve their operability. The NCA is working on an internal project to distribute Virtual Reality (VR) simulators to selected pilot stations along the coast and train and familiarize maritime pilots with the tool. There has been a lack of research on virtual reality simulators and how they are implemented in maritime organizations. The goal of this research is to see if a VR-simulator can be used as a training tool within the Norwegian Coastal Administration's pilot service. Furthermore, the findings of this study contribute to the understanding of VR-simulators in the field of Maritime Education and Training (MET). The thesis is addressing two research questions: 1. Is the Virtual Reality training useful in the competence development process of Norwegian maritime pilots? 2. How can the Virtual Reality simulators improve training outcomes of today’s maritime pilot education? The data gathered from the systematic literature review corresponds to the findings of the interviews. Considering the similarities with previous study findings from sectors such as healthcare, construction, and education, it is concluded that the results of the interviews can be generalized. For maritime pilots, the simulator offers recurrent scenario-based training and a high level of immersion. Pilots can learn at home, onboard a vessel, at the pilot station, and in group settings thanks to the system's mobility and user-friendliness. In terms of motivation and training effectiveness, the study finds that VR-simulators are effective and beneficial. The technology received positive reviews from the pilots. The simulator can be used to teach both novice and experienced maritime pilots about new operations, larger tonnage, and new operational areas, according to the findings of the research. After the NCA has utilized VR-simulators for some time, additional research may analyze the success of VR-simulators using a training evaluation study and investigate the impact of VR-training in the organization.