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dc.contributor.advisorÅrsand, Eirik
dc.contributor.authorRandine, Pietro
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-13T09:13:42Z
dc.date.available2024-05-13T09:13:42Z
dc.date.issued2024-05-30
dc.description.abstractPatient-generated health data (PGHD) is required to monitor chronic conditions like Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). This data includes information from medical devices like insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors and lifestyle insights from commercial wearables devices such as smartwatches. To improve the quality of medical consultations, we need a unified information system that can integrate PGHD. Designing such a system will pose several challenges. The system should be able to navigate through fragmented information and the complexities of various data formats, proprietary interfaces, and storage methods while ensuring robust security, privacy, and adherence to data ownership principles. It should also enable controlled data sharing with healthcare providers (HCPs) and external entities such as national registries and informal caregivers. This dissertation details designing, developing, and testing an information system for individuals with T1D. The project involved integrative research in health informatics, collaboration with international projects, and collaboration with experienced users and HCPs to address three research questions. These questions focused on interoperability, the security and privacy of the information collected, and the quality of the information presented during consultations. The result is Dia-Continua, a Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)-based information system with a microservices architecture orchestrated through Kubernetes on an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) platform. The system integrates data from various diabetes management devices, questionnaires, and PGHD. Furthermore, using SMART on FHIR for authorization and authentication enables data sharing and reuse with national registries and informal caregivers. Eleven interviews with HCPs evaluated Dia-Continua's new functionalities and information quality. Despite the limitations due to proprietary device systems, the system was assessed positively by HCPs, highlighting the need for a system like Dia-Continua that includes physical activity, sleep, and stress in medical consultations. Dia-Continua is a significant step for a patient-centred model for consultations in T1D. Future work should expand the system's model to other chronic diseases.en_US
dc.description.abstractUtviklingen av medisinske konsultasjoner for kroniske tilstander, spesifikt Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), avhenger i stor grad av pasientgenererte helsedata (PGHD). Disse dataene inkluderer informasjon fra medisinsk utstyr slik som insulinpumper, CGM, samt livsstils data fra kommersielt utstyr som sensorer på smartklokker og smarte ringer. Et helhetlig informasjonssystem som kan integrere PGHD er nødvendig for å forbedre informasjonskvalitet under medisinske konsultasjoner. Imidlertid bør et slikt system være i stand til å la brukeren navigere gjennom fragmentert informasjon og komplekse heterogene dataformater, proprietære grensesnitt og lagringsmetoder, samtidig som systemet sikrer robust sikkerhet, personvern og ivaretakelse av prinsipper for eierskap til data. Systemet bør også muliggjøre kontrollert deling av data med helsepersonell og eksterne aktører slik som nasjonale registre (Noklus) og pasientens omsorgspersoner. Denne avhandlingen beskriver design, utvikling, testing og evaluering av et nytt informasjonssystem for T1D basert på pasientens egne data. Prosjektet har involvert ulike samarbeidspartnere og profesjoner, samt samarbeid med internasjonale prosjekter, erfarne brukere og HP for å adressere de tre forskningsspørsmålene i prosjektet. Ett av resultatene er systemet Dia-Continua, et Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)-basert informasjonssystem med en Microservice arkitektur orkestrert gjennom Kubernetes på en infrastruktur som en tjenesteplattform (Azure). Systemet integrerer data fra ulike diabetesenheter, spørreskjemaer og andre sensorer. Videre, ved å bruke «SMART on FHIR» for autorisasjon og autentisering, muliggjøres deling og gjenbruk av data med nasjonale registre og uformelle omsorgspersoner. Elleve intervjuer med helsepersonell ble gjort for å evaluere Dia-Continua sine nye funksjonaliteter, samt dets informasjonskvalitet. Til tross for begrensningene på grunn av proprietære standarder, ble systemet positivt mottatt av HP. Informantene understreket behovet for et system som Dia-Continua som inkluderer fysisk aktivitet, søvn og stress i medisinske konsultasjoner. Dia-Continua er et betydelig skritt fram mot en pasientsentrert modell for konsultasjoner i T1D. Fremtidig arbeid bør utvide systemets modell til andre kroniske sykdommer.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractDia-Continua is an information system designed to help manage type 1 diabetes (T1D). It integrates patient-generated data from both medical and wearable devices. The system follows the best practices of software engineering and uses the FHIR standard to integrate data. SMART on FHIR is used for secure sharing with healthcare providers (HCPs), national registries, and informal caregivers. Even though there are some limitations due to proprietary device systems, Dia-Continua was evaluated positively by 11 HCPs in Norway and is a significant step towards realizing a comprehensive, secure, and patient-centred model for medical consultations in T1D. The system was well received as it includes physical activity, sleep, and stress in medical consultations, highlighting the need for such systems in T1D management. Future work should focus on overcoming limitations and expanding the system's model to other chronic diseases.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe research was supervised by Professor Eirik Årsand and Professor Gunnar Hartvigsen, and funding was provided by the University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway.en_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-82-8236-574-1 - trykk
dc.identifier.issn978-82-8236-575-8 - pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/33508
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper 1: Randine, P., Sharma, A., Hartvigsen, G., Johansen, H.D. & Arsand, E. (2022). Information and Communication Technology-based Interventions for Chronic Diseases Consultation: Scoping Review. <i>International journal of medical informatics, 163</i>, 104784. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25042>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25042</a>. <p>Paper 2: Larbi, D., Randine, P., Arsand, E., Bradway, M., Antypas, K. & Gabarron, E. (2021). Criteria for Assessing and Recommending Digital Diabetes Tools: A Delphi Study. <i>Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 281</i>, 850-854. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23633>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23633</a>. <p>Paper 3: Randine, P., Cooper, J.G., Hartvigsen, G. & Årsand, E. (2022). Towards a New Model for Chronic Disease Consultations. <i>18th Scandinavian Conference on Health Informatics, Tromsø, Norway, 2022</i>, 82-87. Linköping University Electronic Press, Sweden. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26495>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26495</a>. <p>Paper 4: Randine, P., Pocs, M., Cooper, J.G., Tsolovos, D., Muzny, M., Besters, R. & Arsand, E. (2023). Privacy Concerns Related to Data Sharing for European Diabetes Devices. <i>Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 2023</i>. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/31813>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/31813</a>. <p>Paper 5: Randine, P., Salant, E., Muzny, M. & Pape-Haugaard, L. (2023). Consent Management System on Patient-Generated Health Data. In Bichel-Findlay, J., Otero, P., Scott, P. & Huesing, E. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 19th World Congress on Medical and Health Informatics. MEDINFO 2023 — The Future Is Accessible. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, Vol 310</i> (pp 204-208). IOS Press. Also available at <a href=https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI230956>https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI230956</a>. <p>Paper 6: Randine, P., Wolff, M.K., Pocs, M., Connell, I., Cafazzo, J.A. & Arsand, E. Obstacles in Accessing Real-Time Diabetes Data for Treatment and Research: Toward an Interoperability Model. (Manuscript under review).en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2024 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectInteroperabilityen_US
dc.subjectDiabetesen_US
dc.subjectPrivacyen_US
dc.subjectInformation Qualityen_US
dc.subjectPatient-Generated Health Dataen_US
dc.subjectDiabetesen_US
dc.titleDia-Continua: An Information System for Type 1 Diabetes Consultation. (Interoperability, Privacy, and Information Quality on a FHIR-Based Information System for Type 1 Diabetes Consultations based on Patient-Generated Health Data)en_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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