Communication and Technology in Wildfire Emergency Response in Norway: Current Methods, Improvement Potential, and Barriers

Abstract

In recent years, rising temperatures have contributed to the spread of wildfires globally, including in Norway. Record high temperatures and wildfires are placing increasing pressure on the country's fire and rescue services, highlighting the need for effective wildfire response strategies. This study explores how effective communication, and technological advancements can lead to a more successful wildfire response in Norway. It identifies key communication methods used during wildfire response, potential improvements, and barriers to implementing new technology. The study is conducted as a qualitative case study, gathering empirical data through participant observation, document analysis, and interviews with key personnel in the fire and rescue services. Based on the discussion of three research questions, I have addressed the main research problem: In what ways can communication be enhanced and how can technological advancements contribute to a more successful wildfire response operation in Norway? The study shows that current communication methods in wildfire management, such as direct and radio communication, are important but face challenges with multiple conversation groups and inter-organizational communication. Digital tools like drones and real-time information systems enhance information sharing but can lead to incorrect resource allocation and over-reliance on technology. Traditional methods, such as paper maps, are crucial backups but are slower and less efficient. Improved communication requires comprehensive training, standardization of equipment, increased use of digital tools, and better collaboration through joint exercises. Economic, technological, and organizational barriers must be addressed, additionally, increased funding and establishment of national wildfire teams for better response is recommended. This approach is supported by previous research emphasizing the importance of communication, collaboration, and technological innovation in crisis management.