Fakultet for biovitenskap, fiskeri og økonomi: Recent submissions
Now showing items 1361-1380 of 5180
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Arctic sea ice algae differ markedly from phytoplankton in their ecophysiological characteristics
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-20)Photophysiological and biochemical characteristics were investigated in natural communities of Arctic sea ice algae and phytoplankton to understand their respective responses towards variable irradiance and nutrient regimes. This study revealed large differences in photosynthetic efficiency and capacity between the 2 types of algal assemblages. Sea ice algal assemblages clearly displayed increased ... -
Operationalisation of ecosystem services in support of ecosystem-based marine spatial planning: insights into needs and recommendations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-17)Marine or maritime spatial planning (MSP) works across borders and sectors to ensure human activities at sea take place in an efficient and sustainable way. The ecosystem service (ES) concept links ecosystem functioning to human wellbeing and has emerged as a potential framework supporting MSP, as it can be used to link different sectorial and environmental policies. However, due to the complexity ... -
Phenological and elevational shifts of plants, animals and fungi under climate change in the European Alps
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-27)Mountain areas are biodiversity hotspots and provide a multitude of ecosystem services of irreplaceable socio-economic value. In the European Alps, air temperature has increased at a rate of about 0.36°C decade<sup>−1</sup> since 1970, leading to glacier retreat and significant snowpack reduction. Due to these rapid environmental changes, this mountainous region is undergoing marked changes in spring ... -
Taxa-specific activity loss and mortality patterns in freshwater trematode cercariae under subarctic conditions
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-11)Cercarial activity and survival are crucial traits for the transmission of trematodes. Temperature is particularly important, as faster depletion of limited cercarial energy reserves occurs at high temperatures. Seasonal climate conditions in high latitude regions may be challenging to complete trematode life cycle during the 6-month ice-free period, but temperature effects on the activity and ... -
Monitoring biodiversity in the Anthropocene using remote sensing in species distribution models
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-13)<p>In the face of the growing challenges brought about by human activities, effective planning and decision-making in biodiversity and ecosystem conservation, restoration, and sustainable development are urgently needed. Ecological models can play a key role in supporting this need and helping to safeguard the natural assets that underpin human wellbeing and support life on land and below water ... -
Why don't all species overexploit?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-14)Overexploitation of natural resources is often viewed as a problem characteristic of only the human species. However, any species could evolve a capacity to overexploit its essential resources through natural selection and competition, even to the point of resource collapse. Here, we describe the processes that potentially lead to overexploitation and synthesize what is known about overexploitation ... -
Bioactivity of a Marine Diatom (Porosira glacialis [Grunow] Jorgensen 1905) Cultivated With and Without Factory Smoke CO2
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-16)Using industrial emissions as a strategy for CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration through carbon capture and utilization (CCU) in cultivation of microalgae can potentially change cultivation factors such as pH, nutrient availability and presence of trace metals, which could alter the growth and metabolism of the microalgae. It is therefore important to investigate whether such changes in culturing conditions ... -
Cascading effects of moth outbreaks on subarctic soil food webs
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-23)The increasing severity and frequency of natural disturbances requires a better understanding of their effects on all compartments of biodiversity. In Northern Fennoscandia, recent large-scale moth outbreaks have led to an abrupt change in plant communities from birch forests dominated by dwarf shrubs to grass-dominated systems. However, the indirect effects on the belowground compartment remained ... -
Are we ready to track climate‐driven shifts in marine species across international boundaries? ‐ A global survey of scientific bottom trawl data
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-17)Marine biota are redistributing at a rapid pace in response to climate change and shifting seascapes. While changes in fish populations and community structure threaten the sustainability of fisheries, our capacity to adapt by tracking and projecting marine species remains a challenge due to data discontinuities in biological observations, lack of data availability, and mismatch between data and ... -
Environmentally modulated repeat evolution of polymorphic Arctic charr life history traits
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-13)Sympatric Arctic charr, <i>Salvelinus alpinus</i> (L. 1758), morphs have flexible but repeated life history strategies tested across five Norwegian lakes. In several Scandinavian polymorphic Arctic charr populations differentiated by their diet and habitat use, a large littoral omnivorous (LO) morph commonly cooccurs with a smaller profundal spawning (PB/PZ) morph. A third, large piscivorous (PP) ... -
Accounting for food web dynamics when assessing the impact of mesopredator control on declining prey populations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-06)<p>1. Increasing populations of mesopredators are suspected to cause declines in vulnerable wildlife to the extent that mesopredator decimation actions (culling) have become commonplace. Design constraints, especially a lack of spatial replication, often hamper the assessment of the impact of such actions. However, extensive temporal replication (i.e. time series) and accounting for potentially ... -
Global maps of soil temperature
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-29)Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic ... -
Deepened snow enhances gross nitrogen cycling among Pan-Arctic tundra soils during both winter and summer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-10)Many Arctic regions currently experience an increase in winter snowfall as a result of climate change. Deepened snow can enhance thermal insulation of the underlying soil during winter, resulting in warmer soil temperatures that promote soil microbial nitrogen (N)-cycle processes and the availability of N and other nutrients. We conducted an <i>ex situ</i> study comparing the effects of deepened ... -
Building adaptive capacity in a changing arctic by use of technology
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12)Rapid Arctic warming, manifested as thawing permafrost, loss of coastal sea ice, sea level rise, and climate-related extreme events, is particularly challenging for Indigenous people relying on wild food to sustain their livelihood and culture. The adoption of new technologies could provide specific capabilities to confront vulnerabilities associated with fishing and hunting activities, but it could ... -
Comparison of methods for revegetation of vehicle tracks in High Arctic tundra on Svalbard.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-03)Natural regeneration after anthropogenic disturbance is slow in the tundra biome, but assisted regeneration can help speed up this process. A tracked off-road vehicle damaged a High Arctic dwarf shrub heath in Svalbard in May 2009, drastically reducing the vegetation cover, soil seed banks, and incoming seed rain. We assisted regeneration the following year using six different revegetation treatments ... -
Cercarial behaviour alters the consumer functional response of three-spined sticklebacks
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-22)<ol> <li>Free-living parasite life stages may contribute substantially to ecosystem biomass and thus represent a significant source of energy flow when consumed by non-host organisms. However, ambient temperature and the predator's own infection status may modulate consumption rates towards parasite prey.</li> <li>We investigated the combined effects of temperature and predator infection status ... -
Beyond ecological opportunity: prey diversity rather than abundance shapes predator niche variation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01)<br> 1. Ecological opportunity (i.e. the diversity of available resources) has a pivotal role in shaping niche variation and trophic specialisation of animals. However, ecological opportunity can be described with regard to both diversity and abundance of resources. The degree to which these two components contribute to niche variation remains unexplored. <br>2. To address this, we used an ... -
Marine mammal hotspots in the Greenland and Barents Seas
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-04)Environmental change and increasing levels of human activity are threats to marine mam- mals in the Arctic. Identifying marine mammal hot - spots and areas of high species richness are essential to help guide management and conservation efforts. Herein, space use based on biotelemetric tracking devices deployed on 13 species (ringed seal <i>Pusa hispida</i>, bearded seal <i>Erignathus ... -
Potential use of biofungicides and conventional fungicide for the management of Botrytis blossom blight in lowbush blueberries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-25)Botrytis blight is an economically important disease of lowbush blueberry that causes significant yield loss annually. In this study, the biofungicides, Diplomat 5SC® (polyoxin D), Timorex Gold® (tea tree oil), Fracture® (BLAD) and Serenade MAX® (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>) were evaluated for their disease suppression potential against <i>B. cinerea</i> individually and in rotation ... -
Effect of an algal amendment on the microbial conversion of coal to methane at different sulfate concentrations from the Powder River Basin, USA
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-29)Biogenic methane is estimated to account for one-fifth of the natural gas worldwide and there is great interest in controlling methane from different sources. Biogenic coalbed methane (CBM) production relies on syntrophic associations between fermentative bacteria and methanogenic archaea to anaerobically degrade recalcitrant coal and produce methanogenic substrates. However, very little is known ...