Fakultet for biovitenskap, fiskeri og økonomi: Nye registreringer
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POSITIONAL CONCERNS - How and why, and with what effect, are we positional when comparing with those around us?
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-05-12)We took an experimental approach to study what may contribute to such behavior, and what effect these choices have on individual wellbeing. We used three independent surveys to analyze this, all three measuring positional preferences in a broad spectrum of domains. If left uncorrected, there might be large unintended external effects from positional preferences, which is why this research is necessary. ... -
Management decisions and knowledge gaps: Learning by doing in a case of a declining population of slavonian grebe Podiceps auritus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-01-01)Species of national conservation concern require management action to reduce the threat of extinction. As part of its obligations to reduce national loss of biodiversity, the Norwegian authority for nature management (Th e Norwegian Environment Agency) published an action plan in 2010 for one of these species, the Slavonian grebe Podiceps auritus . Th e American mink Neovison vison , a non-native, ... -
Determination of Lipid Hydroperoxides in Marine Diatoms by the FOX2 Assay
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-09-11)Ecologically-relevant marine diatoms produce a plethora of bioactive oxylipins deriving from fatty acid oxidation, including aldehydes, hydroxy-fatty acids, epoxy-hydroxy-fatty acids, and oxo-acids. These secondary metabolites have been related to the negative effect of diatoms on copepod reproduction, causing low hatching success and teratogenesis in the offspring during periods of intense diatom ... -
Changes in environment cause dietary shifts in the Svalbard Arctic fox: A stable isotope study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-02-15)In this thesis, shift in diet of Arctic foxes on Svalbard over a long time frame was analyzed. The Svalbard Arctic fox is a generalist who links the terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The objectives were 1) investigate whether there are spatial and temporal trends in Arctic fox diet on Svalbard, 2) determine how important the changes in the environmental variables are for dietary shifts of the Arctic ... -
Multi-Sensor Analysis of Snow Seasonality and a Preliminary Assessment of SAR Backscatter Sensitivity to Arctic Vegetation: Limits and Capabilities
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-13)Snow melt timing and the last day of snow cover have a significant impact on vegetation phenology in the Svalbard archipelago. The aim of this study is to assess the seasonal variations of the snow using a multi-sensor approach and to analyze the sensitivity of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter to vegetation growth and soil moisture in an arctic environment. A combined approach using ... -
Uncovering the foraging strategies in two pelagic diving seabird species outside their breeding season using coupled feather stable isotopes and light-based geolocators
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-02-16)The critical endangered Common and Brünnich guillemot are exhibiting contrasting population trends in the Barents Sea region, where the Common guillemots are increasing, while Brünnich guillemots are declining. The non-breeding season is regarded as the main mortality period among seabirds, especially in winter, as climate conditions may be harsh and prey availability rather limited. The contrasting ... -
Thermal behaviour and the prospect spread of an invasive benthic top predator onto the Euro-Arctic shelves
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-02-18)Aim A focal task for invasion biology is to identify the environmental variables and biological traits that set and underpin realised and potential habitats of invasive species. Ecophysiology provides powerful empirical knowledge that connects theory with natural phenomena and may improve the accuracy of species distribution modelling. We used the introduced Kamchatka red king crab Paralithodes ... -
High genomic diversity in the endangered East Greenland Svalbard Barents Sea stock of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-12)The East Greenland-Svalbard-Barents Sea (EGSB) bowhead whale stock (Balaena mysticetus) was hunted to near extinction and remains Endangered on the International Union of Conservation of Nature Red List. The intense, temporally extensive hunting pressure may have left the population vulnerable to other perturbations, such as environmental change. However, the lack of genomic baseline data renders ... -
Connecting people and ideas from around the world: Global innovation platforms for next-generation ecology and beyond
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-04-28)We present a case for using Global Community Innovation Platforms (GCIPs), an approach to improve innovation and knowledge exchange in international scientific communities through a common and open online infrastructure. We highlight the value of GCIPs by focusing on recent efforts targeting the ecological sciences, where GCIPs are of high relevance given the urgent need for interdisciplinary, ... -
On the Interplay between Cannibalism and Harvest in Stage-Structured Population Models
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-06-17)By use of a nonlinear stage-structured population model the role of cannibalism and the combined role of cannibalism and harvest have been explored. Regarding the model, we prove that in most parts of parameter space it is permanent. We also show that the transfer from stability to nonstationary dynamics always occurs when the unique stable equilibrium undergoes a supercritical Neimark-Sacker (Hopf) ... -
Bakteriell gjellebetennelse hos rognkjeks (Cyclopterus lumpus)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021)Veterinærinstituttet mottok i januar i år en innsendelse fra et settefiskanlegg for rognkjeks. Rognkjeksen var 10-13 gram og uvaksinert. Settefiskanlegget er et gjennomstrømningsanlegg med sjøvann. Det var mistanke om gjelleproblematikk da det ble rapportert om døde individer med utspilte gjellelokk og bleke gjeller. Ved Veterinærinstituttet ble det gjennomført histopatologiske og immunhistokjemiske ... -
Conceptualizing fishery systems: A mental models approach
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-04-22)Thinking of fisheries as a system is a relatively new approach in fisheries science and management. As part of my contribution to this perspective, this thesis uses mental models as a new approach to gain insights into how individuals conceptualize fisheries. Mental models are internal representations of the surrounding world (e.g., phenomena, processes, problems) and they are important because these ... -
Leadership aiming at innovation: suggesting and discussing four roles of an innovation leader
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-09-27)Organizations often experience problems and challenges due to the development of rigid bureaucratic rules and procedures, which may represent obstacles to creativity and innovation. In a global knowledge economy, innovation is an important competitive parameter. Consequently, anything that may stimulate innovation in an organization’s creative energy fields is valuable. This paper addresses one ... -
Land-Ocean Interactions in a Changing Arctic: Effects of terrestrial inputs on coastal food-web carbon source and contamination in Isfjorden, Svalbard
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-04-29)Climate change driven increases in temperature are enhancing land-ocean connectivity in the coastal Arctic, with a range of implications for coastal food-webs and contaminant cycling. Terrestrial inputs are a direct source of carbon and legacy contaminants to coastal areas, but as a source of freshwater, nutrients and suspended inorganic sediments, they can also affect coastal food-webs and contaminant ... -
Niche separation between two dominant crustacean predators in European estuarine soft-bottom habitats
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-05)Epibenthic predators in estuarine shallow soft-bottom environments are generally considered to have broad ecological niches with a wide overlap. This allows them to cope with abundant but highly variable prey communities. The assessment of trophic relationships in shallow soft-bottom habitats is, however, challenging and often complicated by the bias and low resolution of the analytical tools available ... -
Structural and functional analyses of Rubisco from arctic diatom species reveal unusual posttranslational modifications
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-20)The catalytic performance of the major CO<sub>2</sub>-assimilating enzyme, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), restricts photosynthetic productivity. Natural diversity in the catalytic properties of Rubisco indicates possibilities for improvement. Oceanic phytoplankton contain some of the most efficient Rubisco enzymes, and diatoms in particular are responsible for a significant ... -
Greater topoclimatic control of above‐ versus below‐ground communities
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-31)Assessing the degree to which climate explains the spatial distributions of different taxonomic and functional groups is essential for anticipating the effects of climate change on ecosystems. Most effort so far has focused on above-ground organisms, which offer only a partial view on the response of biodiversity to environmental gradients. Here including both above- and below-ground organisms, we ... -
Bioprospecting of marine microorganisms for the discovery of antibacterial compounds - Isolation, structure elucidation and bioactivity assessment of marine microbial natural products
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-04-27)<p>Infectious diseases have been a problem for humans since the beginning of human existence. The “golden age” of antibiotics started at the end of the 1920s, with the discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming. This was followed by the discovery of several life-saving antibiotics. The number of new marketed antibiotics has declined, and most pharmaceutical companies are no longer working in ... -
Investigating the drivers of the Nordic Seas food-web dynamics using Chance and Necessity modelling
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-04-22)Marine ecosystems are under pressures of human activities that have altered their dynamics and structure during the last five decades, but there can also vary due to internal dynamics or chance. Managers focus on human activities and often ignore the contribution of internal dynamics and chance to ecosystem dynamics in the decision-making process. In this thesis, I use food-web modelling based on ... -
Ethical By Designer - How to Grow Ethical Designers of Artificial Intelligence
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-13)Ethical concerns regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have fueled discussions around the ethics training received by AI designers. We claim that training designers for ethical behaviour, understood as habitual application of ethical principles in any situation, can make a significant difference in the practice of research, development, and application of AI systems. Building on ...