Artikler, rapporter og annet (samfunnsmedisin): Recent submissions
Now showing items 761-780 of 1413
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Energy and nutrient intakes in relation to National Nutrition Recommendations in a Norwegian population-based sample: the Tromsø Study 2015–16
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-10)<i>Introduction</i>: According to the Global Burden of Disease project, unhealthy diet accounts for most of the disease burden in Norway. Current recommendations on nutrient intake in Norway reflect those published in the evidence-based Nordic Nutrition Recommendations from 2012 (NNR2012).<p> <p><i>Aim</i>: To study energy and nutrient intakes and compliance with the NNR2012 among women and men ... -
Composition of gut microbiota of children and adolescents with perinatal HIV infection taking antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-24)<p><i>Background - </i>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes impairment of the gastrointestinal barrier, with substantial depletion of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in the gut. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) restores CD4<sup>+</sup> counts and may have beneficial effects on gut microbiota in adults. Little is known about effect of long-term ART on gut microbiome in HIV-infected children. We ... -
History of tuberculosis is associated with lower exhaled nitric oxide levels in HIV-infected children
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-01)<p><i>Objective - </i>HIV disrupts host defense mechanisms and maintains chronic inflammation in the lung. Nitric oxide is a marker of lung inflammation and can be measured in the exhaled air. We investigated the relationship between exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), HIV status and airway abnormalities in perinatally HIV-infected children aged 6–19 years. <p><i>Design - </i>A cross-sectional study. <p ... -
Reproductive factors and risk of melanoma: a population-based cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-12)<i>Background</i> - The association between reproductive factors and risk of cutaneous melanoma (CM) is unclear. We investigated this issue in the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort study.<p> <p><i>Objectives</i> - To examine the association between the reproductive factors age at menarche, menstrual cycle length, parity, age at first and last birth, menopausal status, breastfeeding duration and ... -
Do Norwegian providers comply with national recommendations when prescribing combined oral contraceptives to starters? A cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-26)<i>Objectives</i> - To assess whether changes in patterns of combined oral contraceptive (COC) prescriptions to starters between 2008 and 2016 were in line with changes in national recommendations for use.<p> <p><i>Design</i> - Historical prospective cohort study.<p> <p><i>Setting</i> - The national Norwegian Prescription Database.<p> <p><i>Participants</i> - Women aged 10–49 years who ... -
Station of the fetal head at complete dilation impacts duration of second stage of labor
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-31)<i>Objective</i> - To examine the association between station of the fetal head at complete cervical dilation and duration of second stage of labor, as well as prolonged second stage of labor, without and with the use of analgesia (EA).<p> <p><i>Study design</i> - We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of 3311 women with a singleton pregnancy, gestational age ≥ 370 weeks, and ... -
Sodium and Potassium Intake Assessed by Spot and 24-h Urine in the Population-Based Tromsø Study 2015–2016
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-16)Reduction of salt intake is a public health priority and necessitates the surveillance of salt intake in the population. The validity of salt intake assessed by dietary surveys is generally low. We, therefore, aimed to estimate salt intake by 24-h urine collection and to assess the usefulness of spot urine collection for surveillance purposes. In the population-based Tromsø Study 2015–2016, 493 men ... -
Links between transactional sex and HIV/STI-risk and substance use among a large sample of European men who have sex with men
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-05)<i>Background</i> - In Europe, the highest proportion of HIV diagnoses are in gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Globally, HIV prevalence is particularly high among males who report selling sex, but rates among men who buy sex from other men are less clear. This study analyzed the association of transactional sex (TS) and HIV diagnosis, sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnoses, ... -
Oral health in the indigenous Sámi population in Norway – the dental health in the North study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-12)<i>Objective</i>: This study aims at presenting the feasibility of using the public oral health clinics in indigenous Sámi communities, as arena for a comprehensive data collection for population-based epidemiological oral health research among adults (age, 18–75 years) in a multi-ethnic setting.<p> <p><i>Material and methods</i>: The study design was cross-sectional. The data collection was ... -
Life expectancy and disease burden in the Nordic countries: results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-20)<i>Background</i> - The Nordic countries have commonalities in gender equality, economy, welfare, and health care, but differ in culture and lifestyle, which might create country-wise health differences. This study compared life expectancy, disease burden, and risk factors in the Nordic region.<p> <p><i>Methods</i> - Life expectancy in years and age-standardised rates of overall, cause-specific, ... -
Weight underestimation linked to anxiety and depression in a cross-sectional study of overweight individuals in a Sami and non-Sami Norwegian population: the SAMINOR Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-12)<i>Objectives</i>: Underestimation of overweight/obesity may prevent weight loss attempts, resulting in further weight gain and maintenance of overweight. Mental health benefits may nevertheless surpass negative consequences. Our main objective was to study the association between underestimation of overweight/obesity and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Sami and non-Sami populations.<p> < ... -
Neuropsychological functions of verbal recall and psychomotor speed significantly affect pain tolerance
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-26)<p><i>Background - </i>Effects from cognitive performance on pain tolerance have been documented, however, sample sizes are small and confounders often overlooked. We aimed to establish that performance on neuropsychological tests was associated with pain tolerance, controlling for salient confounders. <p><i>Methods - </i>This was a cross‐sectional study nested within the Tromsø‐6 survey. ... -
Changes in conventional cardiovascular risk factors and the estimated 10-year risk of acute myocardial infarction or cerebral stroke in Sami and non-Sami populations in two population-based cross-sectional surveys: The SAMINOR Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-19)<p><i>Objective - </i>To describe changes in cardiovascular risk factors and in the estimated 10-year risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or cerebral stroke (CS) between SAMINOR 1 (2003–2004) and SAMINOR 2 (2012–2014), and explore if these changes differed between Sami and non-Sami. <p><i>Design - </i>Two cross-sectional surveys. <p><i>Setting - </i>Inhabitants of rural Northern Norway. < ... -
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-08)<p><i>Background - </i>How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected ... -
Rural general practice patients’ coping with hazards and harm: an interview study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-18)<i>Objective</i>: The aim of this study is to identify and analyse rural general practice patients’ experiences of hazards and harm that comprise adverse events, and their strategies for coping with them.<p> <p><i>Design</i>: Interview study using systematic text condensation and coping strategy theory in an abductive analysis process.<p> <p><i>Setting</i>: Nine rural general practice clinics ... -
Leisure time and occupational physical activity, resting heart rate, and mortality in the Arctic region of Norway: The Finnmark Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-20)<p><i>Aims - </i>This study examined the association of leisure time physical activity, occupational physical activity, and resting heart rate with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in Sami and non-Sami populations. <p><i>Study design - </i>This was a longitudinal, observational population-based study. <p><i>Methods - </i>The Finnmark 3 study cohort was examined in 1987–1988 and ... -
Two high-risk susceptibility loci at 6p25.3 and 14q32.13 for Waldenström macroglobulinemia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-10)Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM)/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a rare, chronic B-cell lymphoma with high heritability. We conduct a two-stage genome-wide association study of WM/LPL in 530 unrelated cases and 4362 controls of European ancestry and identify two high-risk loci associated with WM/LPL at 6p25.3 (rs116446171, near EXOC2 and IRF4; OR = 21.14, 95% CI: 14.40–31.03, P = 1.36 × 10<s ... -
A few more minutes make a difference? The relationship between content and length of GP consultations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013-01-03)<p><i>Objectives - </i>To investigate the relationship between the length of a medical consultation in a general practice setting and the biopsychosocial information obtained by the physician, and to explore the characteristics of young physicians obtaining comprehensive, especially psychosocial information. <p><i>Design - </i>A prospective, longitudinal follow-up study. Setting. Videotaped ... -
Adiposity and asthma in adults: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis of the HUNT Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-14)<i>Background</i> - We aimed to investigate the potential causal associations of adiposity with asthma overall, asthma by atopic status or by levels of symptom control in a large adult population and stratified by sex. We also investigated the potential for reverse causation between asthma and risk of adiposity.<p> <p><i>Methods</i> - We performed a bidirectional one-sample Mendelian randomisation ... -
Comparing the Efficacy of an Identical, Tailored Smoking Cessation Intervention Delivered by Mobile Text Messaging Versus Email: Randomized Controlled Trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-27)<p><i>Background - </i>There is a need to deliver smoking cessation support at a population level, both in developed and developing countries. Studies on internet-based and mobile phone–based smoking cessation interventions have shown that these methods can be as effective as other methods of support, and they can have a wider reach at a lower cost. <p><i>Objective - </i>This randomized controlled ...