Artikler, rapporter og annet (samfunnsmedisin): Recent submissions
Now showing items 861-880 of 1413
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Designing mHealth for maternity services in primary health facilities in a low-income setting - Lessons from a partially successful implementation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-12)<p><i>Background</i>: Increasing mobile phone ownership, functionality and access to mobile-broad band internet services has triggered growing interest to harness the potential of mobile phone technology to improve health services in low-income settings. The present project aimed at designing an mHealth system that assists midlevel health workers to provide better maternal health care services by ... -
Tuberculosis treatment outcome and predictors in northern Ethiopian prisons: A five-year retrospective analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-20)<p><i>Background</i>: The prison situations are notorious for causing interruptions of tuberculosis (TB) treatment and occurrence of unfavorable outcomes. In Ethiopian prisons, though TB treatment programs exist, treatment outcome results and factors contributing to unsuccessful outcome are not well documented. In this study, we assessed the treatment outcome of TB cases and identified risk factors ... -
Risk Factors for Ventricular Septal Defects in Murmansk County, Russia: A Registry-Based Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-24)Cardiovascular malformations are one of the most common birth defects among newborns and constitute a leading cause of perinatal and infant mortality. Although some risk factors are recognized, the causes of cardiovascular malformations (CVMs) remain largely unknown. In this study, we aim to identify risk factors for ventricular septal defects (VSDs) in Northwest Russia. The study population ... -
Large-scale secretome analyses unveil the superior immunosuppresive phenotype of umbilical cord stromal cells as compared to other adult mesenchymal stromal cells
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-20)Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), given their regenerative potential, are being investigated as a potential therapeutic tool for cartilage lesions. MSCs express several bioactive molecules which act in a paracrine fashion to modulate the tissue microenvironment. Yet, little is known about the divergence of these signalling molecules in different MSC populations. The present study investigated ... -
Impact of pre-diagnostic triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol on breast cancer recurrence and survival by breast cancer subtypes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-15)<i>Background</i>: High triglycerides and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol are observed to promote tumor growth. However, whether breast cancer heterogeneity may explain the contradictory influence of triglycerides and cholesterol observed on breast cancer prognosis remains unclear.<p> <p><i>Methods</i>: A population-based survival study among 464 breast cancer cases ... -
Overall survival and time trends in breast and cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the Regional Health District (RHD) of Barretos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-07)<p><i>Background</i>: Breast and cervical cancers represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among women. The purpose of this study was to analyse the survival and time trends in two of the most common female cancers in the Regional Health District (RHD) of Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: From 2000 through 2015, we calculated the breast and cervical cancer incidence ... -
DNA methylation and associated gene expression in blood prior to lung cancer diagnosis in the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-13)The majority of lung cancer is caused by tobacco smoking, and lung cancer-relevant epigenetic markers have been identified in relation to smoking exposure. Still, smoking-related markers appear to mediate little of the effect of smoking on lung cancer. Thus in order to identify disease-relevant markers and enhance our understanding of pathways, a wide search is warranted. Through an epigenome-wide ... -
The ambiguity of physical activity, exercise and atrial fibrillation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-07)Although commonly associated with cardiovascular disease or other medical conditions, atrial fibrillation may also occur in individuals without any known underlying conditions. This manifestation of atrial fibrillation has been linked to extensive and long-term exercise, as prolonged endurance exercise has shown to increase prevalence and risk of atrial fibrillation. In contrast, more modest physical ... -
The effect of smear layer removal on E. faecalis leakage and bond strength of four resin-based root canal sealers
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-12-13)<p><i>Background</i>: The aim of the study was to assess bacterial sealability and bonding ability of methacrylate-based Resilon (RS, SybronEndo), Endo Rez (ER, Ultradent Products Inc), and epoxy-based AH Plus (AH, Dentsply/DeTrey), MTA Fill Apex (MTAF, Angelus Soluções Odontológicas) root canal sealers, and the effect of the smear layer removal on the sealability.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: One ... -
Haem iron intake and risk of lung cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-18)<p><i>Background</i>: Epidemiological studies suggest that haem iron, which is found predominantly in red meat and increases endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, may be positively associated with lung cancer. The objective was to examine the relationship between haem iron intake and lung cancer risk using detailed smoking history data and serum cotinine to control for potential ... -
Timing of eating across ten European countries - Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-17)<p><i>Objective</i>: To examine timing of eating across ten European countries.</p> <p><i>Design</i>: Cross-sectional analysis of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study using standardized 24 h diet recalls collected during 1995–2000. Eleven predefined food consumption occasions were assessed during the recall interview. We present time of consumption ... -
Mild cognitive impairment impacts health outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing a disease management intervention
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-07)<p><i>Objective</i>: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is prevalent in atrial fibrillation (AF) and has the potential to contribute to poor outcomes. We investigated the influence of MCI on survival and rehospitalisation in patients with chronic forms of AF undergoing a home-based, AF-specific disease management intervention (home-based intervention (HBI)) or standard management (SM).</p> <p><i>M ... -
Milk and risk of colorectal, colon and rectal cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Cohort Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-17)According to World Cancer Research Fund International/American Institute for Cancer Research, it is ‘probable’ that dairy products decrease the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, meta-analyses restricted to women have not shown associations between milk intake and risk of CRC. The aim of this study was to examine the association between milk intake and risk of CRC, colon cancer and rectal ... -
General practitioners' participation in cancer treatment in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-23)<p><i>Introduction</i>: General practitioners (GPs) participate in a patient’s cancer care to different extents at different times, from prevention and diagnosis to treatment and end-of-life care. Traditionally, the GP has had a minor role in cancer treatment. However, oncological and surgical services frequently delegate limited cancer treatment tasks to GPs, especially in rural areas far from ... -
Association of phenotypic characteristics and UV radiation exposure with risk of melanoma on different body sites
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-10)<p><i>Importance</i>: Two pathways have been hypothesized for the development of cutaneous melanoma: one typically affects the head and neck, a site with chronic sun damage, and the other affects the trunk, which is less exposed to the sun. However, the possible cause of limb melanomas is less studied under this hypothesis.</p> <p><i>Objective</i>: To investigate the association between phenotypic ... -
Frailty phenotype and its association with all-cause mortality in community-dwelling Norwegian women and men aged 70 years and older: The Tromsø Study 2001–2016
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-29)<p><i>Aim</i>: There is a lack of studies on the prevalence of frailty, and the association between frailty and mortality in a Norwegian general population. Findings regarding sex differences in the association between frailty and mortality have been inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the frailty phenotype and all‐cause mortality in men and women ... -
Sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviour and knowledge about cervical cancer prevention as risk factors for high-risk human papillomavirus infection in Arkhangelsk, North-West Russia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-07-24)While sociodemographic predictors of cervical cancer (CC) are well understood, predictors of high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have not been fully elucidated. This study explored the HR-HPV infection positivity in relation to sociodemographic, sexual behavior characteristics and knowledge about HPV and CC prevention among women who visited the Arkhangelsk clinical maternity hospital ... -
Challenges in assessing the sunscreen-melanoma association
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-16)Whether sunscreen use affects melanoma risk has been widely studied with contradictory results. To answer this question we performed a systematic review of all published studies, accounting for sources of heterogeneity and bias. We searched for original articles investigating the sunscreen‐melanoma association in humans to February 28, 2018. We then used random‐effects meta‐analysis to combine ... -
Lifetime number of years of menstruation as a risk index for postmenopausal endometrial cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-21)<p><i>Introduction</i>: Lifetime number of years of menstruation (LNYM) reflects a woman's cumulative exposure to endogenous estrogen and can be used as a measure of the combined effect of reproductive factors related to endometrial cancer (EC) risk.</p> <p><i>Material and methods</i>: We aimed to study the association between LNYM and EC risk among postmenopausal women and calculate the population ... -
Coffee consumption and risk of rare cancers in Scandinavian countries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-23)Studies on the association between heavy coffee consumption and risk of less frequently diagnosed cancers are scarce. We aimed to quantify the association between filtered, boiled, and total coffee consumption and the risk of bladder, esophageal, kidney, pancreatic, and stomach cancers. We used data from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Information ...