dc.contributor.advisor | Dalmo, Roy Ambli | |
dc.contributor.author | Blix, Torill Pauline Bakkelund | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-03-13T18:27:23Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-03-13T18:27:23Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2023-03-24 | |
dc.description.abstract | The Norwegian Atlantic salmon farming industry is halted by challenges related to environmental impact and fish welfare. Some of the issues have been suggested solved by the use of novel genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR, which allows for targeted mutations and speeding up fish breeding. For successful introduction, applications of the technology need to be socially acceptable and contribute to sustainability. In this dissertation, I study the technological potential and challenges, the sustainability issues, and conditions for social acceptance of introducing CRISPR in salmon farming, in three papers, respectively.
In paper I, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify and categorize publications that have used genome editing in aquaculture finfish species. The search was designed according to relevant PRISMA elements. Results shows that a wide variety of aquaculture species have been used, salmonids being the second most studied group, with a broad specter of potential for future application in aquaculture such as sterility, disease resistance and increased growth.
Paper II and III are both based on a qualitative study of semi-structured stakeholder interviews and citizen focus group interviews. The interviews were conducted in video calls and included three main topics: the salmon as an animal, genome editing, and sustainability. For paper II, considerations and conditions related to aquaculture, sustainability and genome editing were identified and merged with data from an analysis of international and national policy and strategy documents, to inform a biosphere-based sustainability assessment framework.
For paper III, general considerations, and conditions for social acceptance of genome-edited salmon were identified. Main finding where that across all interviews, considerations to the wild salmon viability and the farmed salmon welfare, are widely shared and seems to be of main concern to the study participants. Further, several conditions to the industry and products were raised, such as unintended consequences being unacceptable, and the editing must contribute to improve welfare above increasing profit.
The papers show that there are potential applications of genome editing under research which might be considered socially acceptance and sustainable for salmon farming. However, this seem to depend on social acceptance to the salmon farming industry in general, and on genome editing being applied in concert with other measurements that improve salmon health and welfare, and that reduces environmental effects. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Norsk oppdrett av atlanterhavslaks har store utfordringer knyttet til miljøpåvirkning og fiskevelferd. Noen av problemene har blitt foreslått løst ved bruk av nye genredigeringsteknologier, slik som CRISPR, som gir mulighet for målrettede mutasjoner og å fremskynde avlsprosesser. For vellykket introduksjon må anvendelser av teknologien være sosialt akseptable og bidra til bærekraft. I denne avhandlingen studerer jeg det teknologiske potensialet og utfordringene, bærekraftsspørsmålene og betingelsene for sosial aksept ved å introdusere CRISPR i lakseoppdrett, i henholdsvis tre artikler.
I artikkel I ble det utført en systematisk litteraturgjennomgang for å identifisere og kategorisere publikasjoner som har brukt genredigering i fiskearter også brukt i akvakultur. Søket ble utformet i henhold til relevante PRISMA-elementer. Resultatene viser at flere akvakulturarter har blitt brukt, laksefisk er den nest mest studerte gruppen, og det foreligger et bredt spekter av potensial for fremtidig bruk i akvakultur, slik som sterilitet, sykdomsresistens og økt vekst.
Artikkel II og III er begge basert på en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerte intervjuer med interessenter til oppdrettsnæringen samt fokusgrupper med norske innbyggere. Intervjuene ble gjennomført i videosamtaler, og inkluderte tre hovedtemaer: laksen som dyr, genredigering og bærekraft. I artikkel II, ble betraktninger og betingelser knyttet til akvakultur, bærekraft og genredigering identifisert og slått sammen med data fra en analyse av internasjonale og nasjonale policy- og strategidokumenter, for å informere et biosfærebasert rammeverk for bærekraftsvurdering.
I artikkel III ble mer generelle betraktninger og betingelser for sosial aksept av genredigert laks identifisert. Hovedfunn er at hensynet til villaksens levedyktighet og oppdrettslaksens velferd er et hovedanliggende for studiedeltakerne. Videre ble flere betraktinger og betingelser til industrien og produktene belyst, som at utilsiktede konsekvenser ikke er akseptable, og genredigeringen må bidra til å forbedre velferden fremfor å øke profitt.
Artiklene viser at det er potensielle anvendelser av genredigering under forskning som kan anses som sosial akseptable og bærekraftige for lakseoppdrett. Likevel ser det ut til at dette vil være avhengig av sosial aksept for lakseoppdrett generelt. Videre er det viktig at genredigering kombineres med andre løsninger som forbedrer laksens helse og velferd og reduserer miljøeffekter. | en_US |
dc.description.doctoraltype | ph.d. | en_US |
dc.description.popularabstract | The Norwegian salmon farming industry is halted by challenges related to environmental impact and fish welfare. Some of the issues have been suggested solved by the use of novel genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR, which allows for targeted mutations and speeding up fish breeding. For successful introduction, applications of the technology need to be socially acceptable and contribute to sustainability. In this dissertation, I ask if genome-edited salmon can be a sustainable and socially acceptable solution to salmon farming. Papers I-III show that the possibilities with genome editing in aquaculture are many, sustainability assessment should focus on effects on the biosphere, and the social acceptance is depending on the specific applications, effects on wild salmon viability and farmed fish welfare, and it will potentially also depend on the social acceptance of the salmon farming industry in general. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Research Council of Norway grant no. 295094. | en_US |
dc.identifier.isbn | 978-82-8266-242-0 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28732 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT The Arctic University of Norway | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT Norges arktiske universitet | en_US |
dc.relation.haspart | <p>Paper I: Blix, T.B., Dalmo, R.A., Wargelius, A. & Myhr, A.I. (2021). Genome editing on finfish: Current status and implications for sustainability. <i>Reviews in Aquaculture, 13</i>(4), 2344-2363. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21522>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21522</a>.
<p>Paper II: Blix, T.B. & Myhr, A.I. (2023). A sustainability assessment framework for genome-edited salmon. <i>Aquaculture, 562</i>, 738803. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://munin.uit.no/handle/10037/26800>https://munin.uit.no/handle/10037/26800</a>.
<p>Paper III: Blix, T.B., Winther, H., Myskja, B., Myhr, A. & Holm, L. Social acceptance of CRISPR in salmon farming: what is at stake? (Submitted manuscript). Now published as “A social and ethical game-changer? An empirical ethics study of CRISPR in the salmon farming industry”, in <I>Environmental Values, 2023</i>, available at <a href=https://doi.org/10.1177/09632719231196543>https://doi.org/10.1177/09632719231196543</a>. | en_US |
dc.rights.accessRights | openAccess | en_US |
dc.rights.holder | Copyright 2023 The Author(s) | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 | en_US |
dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) | en_US |
dc.subject | Biotechnology | en_US |
dc.subject | Sustainability | en_US |
dc.subject | Social acceptance | en_US |
dc.subject | Aquaculture | en_US |
dc.subject | Genome editing | en_US |
dc.title | Genome-edited salmon: a sustainable and socially acceptable solution to aquaculture? | en_US |
dc.type | Doctoral thesis | en_US |
dc.type | Doktorgradsavhandling | en_US |