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dc.contributor.advisorSelbach, Christian
dc.contributor.authorRochat, Eloïse
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-04T06:42:37Z
dc.date.available2024-10-04T06:42:37Z
dc.date.issued2024-10-28
dc.description.abstractThis thesis explores the stability and recovery of parasite communities within dynamic ecological environments, focusing on the host-parasite interactions in aquatic ecosystems. It uses Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.), a polymorphic European salmonid inhabiting diverse ecological niches, to investigate these interactions and their responses to environmental changes. The research comprises three studies. The first study evaluates the impact of ecological interventions, such as species restocking and the introduction of non-native species, on parasite communities of polymorphic hosts. The findings indicate that despite alterations in the fish community, parasite communities remained stable over time, demonstrating their resilient adaptation to host dynamics and environmental shifts. The second study focuses on the response of parasite communities to the eradication of fish hosts in two Norwegian lakes. This part of the research reveals that parasite communities exhibited an ability to recover and re-establish close to their pre-disturbance diversity and structure. This recovery underscores the inherent resilience and stability within ecological systems and suggests that parasite communities possess dynamic recovery mechanisms enabling them to rebound from population disruptions. Finally, the last study assesses the influence of seasonal migration on the parasitic load in anadromous hosts. This study shows parasite communities are richer and more abundant in migratory individuals compared to their non-migratory counterparts. This suggests that migration introduces higher recruitment of parasites, potentially influencing the fitness and survival strategies of the host species. Moreover, the parasite communities showed stability in both freshwater and marine ecosystems. Overall, this thesis contributes to the field of parasitological and ecological research by showing that parasite communities can be stable and recover when faced with environmental and host changes. These helminths communities in freshwater fish have maintained their structure and functionality despite significant disturbances, such as restocking, species introductions, eradication, and natural host migrations.en_US
dc.description.abstractAvhandlingen har fokus på stabilitet i partasittsamfunn over ulike tidsperioder hos verten røye (Salvelinus alpinus L.). i dynamiske akvatiske miljø. Studiet er tredelt med ulike aspekter av parasittisme som en viktig økologisk interaksjon og parasittenes respons på ulike miljøendringer. Det første studiet evaluerer hvordan økologisk intervensjon, som utsetting av stedegne og fremmede arter, influerer parasittsamfunn i en polymorf fiskeart som har ulike økologiske nisjer. Til tross for flere endringer i fiskesamfunnet, holder parasittsamfunnene seg relativt stabile. Dette indikerer motstandsdyktighet til endringer i livsmiljøet og vertsdynamikk. Det andre studiet ser på hvordan effekten av vertsutryddelse [fisk] påvirker deres parasittamfunn etter gjenutsetting av fiskevert i to parallelle økosystemer [innsjøer]. Det er helt tydelig at disse parasittsamfunnene har stor evne til vende tilbake til tidligere struktur og diversitet, som indikerer grad av resiliens. Det siste studiet tar for seg hvordan sesongmessige migrasjoner mellom fersk- og saltvann påvirker parasittsamfunnet hos disse vertene. I to påfølgende år har migrerende individer klart flere parasitter [arter og antall] enn ikke-migrerende individer. Studiet viser at vertens migrasjon til et annet livsmiljø øker infeksjon av parasitter samt at parasittsamfunnene i hvert av livsmiljøene er stabile. Avhandlingen viser at parasittsamfunn hos fisk I akvatisk miljø kan fremvise en stabilitet over ulike tidsrom og evner å vende tilbake til tidligere struktur etter ulike menneskelige forstyrrelser som utsetting av stedegne og fremmede arter, vertsutryddelser, samt naturlige migrasjoner.en_US
dc.description.abstractCette thèse explore la stabilité et la résilience des communautés de parasites dans des environnements aquatiques dynamiques, en se focalisant sur les interactions entre l'omble chevalier (Salvelinus alpinus L.) et ses parasites. Elle est structurée en trois études distinctes. La première étude évalue l'impact des interventions écologiques, telles que le rempoissonnement et l'introduction d'espèces non indigènes, sur les communautés de parasites des hôtes polymorphes. Les résultats indiquent que, malgré les modifications dans la communauté de poissons, les communautés de parasites sont restées stables au fil du temps, démontrant leur résilience face aux changements de dynamiques des hôtes et aux changements environnementaux. La deuxième étude se concentre sur la réponse des communautés de parasites suite à l’éradication des poissons dans deux lacs norvégiens. Elle révèle que les communautés de parasites peuvent se rétablir et se réorganiser presque comme avant la perturbation, en termes de diversité et de structure. Cette récupération souligne la résilience et la stabilité inhérentes aux systèmes écologiques et suggère que les communautés de parasites possèdent des mécanismes de récupération dynamiques leur permettant de se remettre de perturbations. Enfin, la dernière étude évalue l'influence de la migration saisonnière sur la charge parasitaire chez les hôtes anadromes. Cette étude montre que les communautés de parasites sont plus riches et plus abondantes chez les individus migrateurs par rapport à leurs homologues non migrateurs. Cela suggère que la migration favorise un recrutement accru de parasites, influençant potentiellement l’état général et les stratégies de survie des espèces hôtes. De plus, les communautés de parasites ont montré une stabilité tant au sien des écosystèmes d'eau douce que marins. Globalement, cette thèse démontre que les communautés de parasites dans les écosystèmes aquatiques peuvent maintenir leur stabilité et leur fonctionnalité malgré des perturbations significatives telles que le rempoissonnement, les introductions d'espèces, l’éradication et les migrations naturelles.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractThis research explores how parasite communities in aquatic environments react and adapt to various ecological changes. Using the Arctic charr, a type of European salmon known for its diversity in form and habitat, the study looks into how these parasites handle changes in their environment and the fish they inhabit. The first part of the study looks at what happens to parasites when new fish are introduced into an area or when native fish are replenished. Interestingly, even when the fish populations change drastically, the parasites manage to remain surprisingly stable. This suggests that these tiny creatures are quite adaptable, able to handle shifts in their living conditions without much trouble. The second part focuses on a more drastic scenario — what happens to parasites when the fish they live on are completely removed from two Norwegian lakes. The results were quite hopeful, showing that the parasite communities were able to bounce back, regaining much of their original condition after these severe disturbances. This resilience highlights parasite communities’ remarkable ability to recover from major disruptions and stability. The third and final part examines the effects of seasonal migration on parasites in fish that travel between freshwater and marine water. Migrating fish were found to carry more parasites than those that stay put, suggesting that moving from place to place may expose them to more parasites, which could affect how well the fish thrive and survive. However, parasite communities were stable over time in both freshwater and marine environments. Overall, the thesis shows a picture of parasite communities as highly stable and resilient, capable of withstanding and recovering from significant environmental and host changes. This resilience is not just a curiosity — it’s crucial for understanding how ecosystems function and persist despite challenges like species introduction, eradication, and natural migrations. Such studies help us appreciate the complex interactions between different organisms and their environments.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUiT—The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-82-8266-266-6
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/35035
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper I: Rochat, E.C., Paterson, R.A., Blasco‐Costa, I., Power, M., Adams, C.E., Greer, R. & Knudsen, R. (2022). Temporal stability of polymorphic Arctic charr parasite communities reflects sustained divergent trophic niches. <i>Ecology and Evolution, 12</i>, e9460. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/27402>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/27402</a>. <p>Paper II: Rochat, E.C., Blasco-Costa, I., Hansen, H., Poulin, R., Selbach, C., Knudsen, R. & Paterson, R.A. Parasite community re-assembly following eradication: is it predictable? (Manuscript). <p>Paper III: Rochat, E.C., Auestad Nilsen, H., Grenier, G., Selbach, C., Knudsen, R., Blasco-Costa, I. & Paterson, R.A. Assessing parasite communities in anadromous Arctic charr: is it a cost of migration? (Manuscript).en_US
dc.relation.isbasedonData for Paper I: Rochat, E., Paterson, R., Blasco-Costa, I. Power, M., Adams, C., Greer, R. & Knudsen, R. (2022). Temporal stability of polymorphic Arctic charr parasite communities reflect sustained divergent trophic niches [Dataset]. <i>Dryad</i>. <a href=https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jdfn2z3f2>https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jdfn2z3f2</a>.en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2024 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectParasitologyen_US
dc.subjectEcologyen_US
dc.subjectFreshwateren_US
dc.subjectParasite communityen_US
dc.subjectArctic charren_US
dc.subjectStabilityen_US
dc.subjectResilienceen_US
dc.subjectRecoveryen_US
dc.titleStability and recovery of parasite communities in dynamic host environmentsen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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