Policy as normative influence? On the relationship between parental leave policy and social norms in gender division of childcare across 48 countries
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https://hdl.handle.net/10037/35500Date
2024-10-23Type
Journal articleTidsskriftartikkel
Peer reviewed
Author
Schindler, Simon; Schuster, Carolin; Olsson, Maria Ingrid Teresa; Froehlich, Laura; Hübner, Ann-Kathrin; Block, Katharina; Van Laar, Colette; Schmader, Toni; Meeussen, Loes; van Grootel, Sanne; Croft, Alyssa; Shuyi Sun, Molly; ainsaar, Mare; Aarntzen, Lianne; Adamus, Magdalena; Anderson, Joel; Atkinson, Ciara; Avicenna, Mohamad; Bąbel, Przemysław; Barth, Markus; Benson-Greenwald, Tessa; Maloku, Edona; Berent, Jacques; Bergsieker, Hilary B.; Biernat, Monica; Birneanu, Andreea, Georgiana; Bodinaku, Blerta; Bosak, Janine; Bosson, Jennifer K.; Branković, Marija; Burkauskas, Julius; Čavojová, Vladimíra; Cheryan, Sapna; Choi, Eunsoo; Choi, Incheol; Contreras-Ibáñez, Carlos C.; Coogan, Andrew; Danyliuk, Ivan; Dar-Nimrod, Ilan; Dasgupta, Nilanjana; de Lemus, Soledad; Devos, Thierry; Diab, Marwan; Diekman, Amanda; Efremova, Maria; Eisner, Léïla; Eller, Anja; Erentaite, Rasa; Fedáková, Denisa; Franc, Renata; Gartzia, Leire; Gavreliuc, Alin; Gavreliuc, Dana; Gecaite-Stonciene, Julija; Germano, Adriana; Giovannelli, Ilaria; Gjoneska, Biljana; González, Omar Martínez; González, Roberto; Grijalva, Isaac David; Derya, Güngör; Gustafsson Sendén, Marie; Hall, William W.; Harb, Charles; Hassan, Bushra; Hässler, Tabea; Hawi, Diala R.; Henningsen, Levke; Hoppe, Annedore; Ishii, Keiko; Jakšić, Ivana; Jasini, Alba; Jurkevičienė, Jurgita; Kelmendi, Kaltrina; Kirby, Teri A.; Kitakaji, Yoko; Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza; Kozytska, Inna; Kulich, Clara; Kundtová-Klocová, Eva; Kunuroglu, Filiz; Lapytskaia Aidy, Christina; Lee, Albert; Lindqvist, Anna; LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ, WILSON; Luzvinda, Liany; Maricchiolo, Fridanna; Martinot, Delphine; McNamara, Rita Anne; Meister, Alyson; Melka, Tizita Lemma; Mickuviene, Narseta; Miranda-Orrego, María Isabel; Mkamwa, Thadeus; Morandini, James; Morton, Thomas; Mrisho, David; Nikitin, Jana; Otten, Sabine; Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina; Page-Gould, Elizabeth; Perandrés-Gómez, Ana; Pizarro, Jon; Pop-Jordanova, Nada; Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna; Quta, Sameir; Ramis, TamilSelvan; Rani, Nitya; Redersdorff, Sandrine; Régner, Isabelle; Renström, Emma A.; Rivera-Rodriguez, Adrian; Tania Esmeralda, Rocha-Sánchez; Ryabichenko, Tatiana; Saab, Rim; Sakata, Kiriko; Samekin, Adil; Sánchez-Pacheco, Tracy; Scheifele, Carolin; Schulmeyer, Marion K.; Sczesny, Sabine; Sirlopú, David; Smith-Castro, Vanessa; Soo, Kadri; Spaccatini, Federica; Steele, Jennifer R.; Steffens, Melanie C.; Diaz, Renzo Gismondi; Sucic, Ines; Vandello, Joseph A.; Velásquez-Díaz, Laura Maria; Vink, Melissa; Vives, Eva; Warkineh, Turuwark Zalalam; Zezelj, Iris; Zhang, Xiaoxiao; Zhao, Xian; Koc, Yasin; Gizaw, Abiy Menkir; Gitikhmayeva, Lyudmila; Kocak, Ömer Erdem; Martiny, Sarah E.Abstract
In the present work, we addressed the relationship between parental leave policies and social norms. Using a pre-registered, cross-national approach, we examined the relationship between parental leave policies and the perception of social norms for the gender division of childcare. In this study, 19,259 students (11,924 women) from 48 countries indicated the degree to which they believe
childcare is (descriptive norm) and should be (prescriptive norm) equally divided among mothers and fathers. Policies were primarily operationalized as the existence of parental leave options in the respective country. The descriptive and prescriptive norms of equal division of childcare were stronger when parental leave was available in a country – also when controlling for potential confounding variables. Moreover, analyses of time since policy change suggested that policy change may initially affect prescriptive norms and then descriptive norms at a later point. However, due to the cross-sectional nature of the data, drawing causal inferences is difficult.
Publisher
WileyCitation
Schindler S, Schuster C, Olsson M. I. T., Froehlich L, Hübner, Block K, Van Laar C, Schmader T, Meeussen L, van Grootel S, Croft A, Shuyi Sun, ainsaar M, Aarntzen L, Adamus M, Anderson J, Atkinson C, Avicenna M, Bąbel P, Barth M, Benson-Greenwald T, Maloku E, Berent J, Bergsieker, Biernat M, Birneanu AG, Bodinaku B, Bosak J, Bosson JK, Branković M, Burkauskas J, Čavojová V, Cheryan S, Choi E, Choi I, Contreras-Ibáñez CC, Coogan A, Danyliuk I, Dar-Nimrod I, Dasgupta N, de Lemus S, Devos T, Diab M, Diekman A, Efremova M, Eisner L, Eller A, Erentaite R, Fedáková D, Franc R, Gartzia L, Gavreliuc A, Gavreliuc D, Gecaite-Stonciene J, Germano A, Giovannelli I, Gjoneska B, González, González R, Grijalva, Derya, Gustafsson Sendén M, Hall WW, Harb C, Hassan B, Hässler T, Hawi, Henningsen L, Hoppe A, Ishii K, Jakšić I, Jasini A, Jurkevičienė J, Kelmendi K, Kirby TA, Kitakaji Y, Kosakowska-Berezecka N, Kozytska I, Kulich C, Kundtová-Klocová E, Kunuroglu F, Lapytskaia Aidy C, Lee A, Lindqvist A, LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ W, Luzvinda L, Maricchiolo F, Martinot D, McNamara RA, Meister A, Melka, Mickuviene N, Miranda-Orrego MI, Mkamwa T, Morandini J, Morton T, Mrisho D, Nikitin J, Otten S, Pacilli, Page-Gould E, Perandrés-Gómez, Pizarro J, Pop-Jordanova N, Pyrkosz-Pacyna J, Quta S, Ramis T, Rani N, Redersdorff S, Régner I, Renström EA, Rivera-Rodriguez A, Tania Esmeralda, Ryabichenko T, Saab R, Sakata K, Samekin A, Sánchez-Pacheco, Scheifele C, Schulmeyer MK, Sczesny S, Sirlopú D, Smith-Castro V, Soo K, Spaccatini F, Steele JR, Steffens MC, Diaz, Sucic I, Vandello JA, Velásquez-Díaz LM, Vink M, Vives E, Warkineh TZ, Zezelj I, Zhang X, Zhao X, Koc Y, Gizaw, Gitikhmayeva L, Kocak, Martiny S. Policy as normative influence? On the relationship between parental leave policy and social norms in gender division of childcare across 48 countries. British Journal of Social Psychology. 2024Metadata
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B.; Petersen, Liselotte V.; Pitkänen, Niina; Polašek, Ozren; Poveda, Alaitz; Preuss, Michael H.; Pyarajan, Saiju; Raffield, Laura M.; Rakugi, Hiromi; Ramirez, Julia; Rasheed, Asif; Raven, Dennis; Rayner, Nigel W.; Riveros, Carlos; Rohde, Rebecca; Ruggiero, Daniela; Ruotsalainen, Sanni E.; Ryan, Kathleen A.; Sabater-Lleal, Maria; Saxena, Richa; Scholz, Markus; Sendamarai, Anoop; Shen, Botong; Shi, Jingchunzi; Shin, Jae Hun; Sidore, Carlo; Sitlani, Colleen M.; Slieker, Roderick C.; Smit, Roelof A. J.; Smith, Albert V.; Smith, Jennifer A.; Smyth, Laura J.; Southam, Lorraine; Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur; Sun, Liang; Takeuchi, Fumihiko; Tallapragada, Divya Sri Priyanka; Taylor, Kent D.; Tayo, Bamidele O.; Tcheandjieu, Catherine; Terzikhan, Natalie; Tesolin, Paola; Teumer, Alexander; Theusch, Elizabeth; Thompson, Deborah J.; Thorleifsson, Gudmar; Timmers, Paul R. H. J.; Trompet, Stella; Turman, Constance; Vaccargiu, Simona; van der Laan, Sander W.; van der Most, Peter J.; van Klinken, Jan B.; van Setten, Jessica; Verma, Shefali S.; Verweij, Niek; Veturi, Yogasudha; Wang, Carol A.; Wang, Chaolong; Wang, Lihua; Wang, Zhe; Warren, Helen R.; Bin Wei, Wen; Wickremasinghe, Ananda R.; Wielscher, Matthias; Wiggins, Kerri L.; Winsvold, Bendik K S; Wong, Andrew; Wu, Yang; Wuttke, Matthias; Xia, Rui; Xie, Tian; Yamamoto, Ken; Yang, Jingyun; Yao, Jie; Young, Hannah; Yousri, Noha A.; Yu, Lei; Zeng, Lingyao; Zhang, Weihua; Zhang, Xinyuan; Zhao, Jing-Hua; Zhao, Wei; Zhou, Wei; Zimmermann, Martina E.; Zoledziewska, Magdalena; Adair, Linda S.; Adams, Hieab H. H.; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Al-Mulla, Fahd; Arnett, Donna K.; Asselbergs, Folkert W.; Åsvold, Bjørn Olav; Attia, John; Banas, Bernhard; Bandinelli, Stefania; Bennett, David A.; Bergler, Tobias; Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan; Biino, Ginevra; Bisgaard, Hans; Boerwinkle, Eric; Böger, Carsten A.; Bønnelykke, Klaus; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Børglum, Anders D.; Borja, Judith B.; Bouchard, Claude; Bowden, Donald W.; Brandslund, Ivan; Brumpton, Ben Michael; Buring, Julie E.; Caulfield, Mark J.; Chambers, John C.; Chandak, Giriraj R.; Chanock, Stephen J.; Chaturvedi, Nish; Chen, Yii-Der Ida; Chen, Zhengming; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Christophersen, Ingrid E.; Ciullo, Marina; Cole, John W.; Collins, Francis S.; Cooper, Richard S.; Cruz, Miguel; Cucca, Francesco; Cupples, L. Adrienne; Cutler, Michael J.; Damrauer, Scott M.; Dantoft, Thomas M.; de Borst, Gert J.; de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M.; De Jager, Philip L.; de Kleijn, Dominique P. V.; Janaka de Silva, de; Dedoussis, George V.; den Hollander, Anneke I.; Du, Shufa; Easton, Douglas F.; Elders, Petra J. M.; Eliassen, A. Heather; Ellinor, Patrick T.; Elmståhl, Sölve; Erdmann, Jeanette; Evans, Michele K.; Fatkin, Diane; Feenstra, Bjarke; Feitosa, Mary F.; Ferrucci, Luigi; Ford, Ian; Fornage, Myriam; Franke, Andre; Franks, Paul W.; Freedman, Barry I.; Gasparini, Paolo; Gieger, Christian; Girotto, Giorgia; Goddard, Michael E.; Golightly, Yvonne M.; Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Grallert, Harald; Grant, Struan F. A.; Grarup, Niels; Griffiths, Lyn; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Haiman, Christopher; Hakonarson, Hakon; Hansen, Torben; Hartman, Catharina A.; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Hayward, Caroline; Heckbert, Susan R.; Heng, Chew-Kiat; Hengstenberg, Christian; Hewitt, Alex W.; Hishigaki, Haretsugu; Hoyng, Carel B.; Huang, Paul L.; Huang, Wei; Hunt, Steven C.; Hveem, Kristian; Hyppönen, Elina; Iacono, William G.; Ichihara, Sahoko; Ikram, M. Arfan; Isasi, Carmen R.; Jackson, Rebecca D.; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Jin, Zi-Bing; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Joshi, Peter K.; Jousilahti, Pekka; Jukema, J. Wouter; Kähönen, Mika; Kamatani, Yoichiro; Kang, Kui Dong; Kaprio, Jaakko; Kardia, Sharon L. R.; Karpe, Fredrik; Kato, Norihiro; Kee, Frank; Kessler, Thorsten; Khera, Amit V.; Khor, Chiea Chuen; Kiemeney, Lambertus A. L. M.; Kim, Bong-Jo; Kim, Eung Kweon; Kim, Hyung-Lae; Kirchhof, Paulus; Kivimaki, Mika; Koh, Woon-Puay; Koistinen, Heikki A.; Kolovou, Genovefa D.; Kooner, Jaspal S.; Kooperberg, Charles; Köttgen, Anna; Kovacs, Peter; Kraaijeveld, Adriaan; Kraft, Peter; Krauss, Ronald M.; Kumari, Meena; Kutalik, Zoltan; Laakso, Markku; Lange, Leslie A.; Langenberg, Claudia; Launer, Lenore J.; Le Marchand, Loic; Lee, Hyejin; Lee, Nanette R.; Lehtimäki, Terho; Li, Huaixing; Li, Liming; Lieb, Wolfgang; Lin, Xu; Lind, Lars; Linneberg, Allan; Liu, Ching-Ti; Liu, Jianjun; Loeffler, Markus; London, Barry; Lubitz, Steven A.; Lye, Stephen J.; Mackey, David A.; Mägi, Reedik; Magnusson, Patrik K. E.; Marcus, Gregory M.; Vidal, Pedro Marques; Martin, Nicholas G.; März, Winfried; Matsuda, Fumihiko; McGarrah, Robert W.; McGue, Matt; McKnight, Amy Jayne; Medland, Sarah E.; Mellström, Dan; Metspalu, Andres; Mitchell, Braxton D.; Mitchell, Paul; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.; Morris, Andrew D.; Mucci, Lorelei A.; Munroe, Patricia B.; Nalls, Mike A.; Nazarian, Saman; Nelson, Amanda E.; Neville, Matt J.; Newton-Cheh, Christopher; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert; Nöthen, Markus M.; Ohlsson, Claes; Oldehinkel, Albertine J.; Orozco, Lorena; Pahkala, Katja; Pajukanta, Päivi; Palmer, Colin N. A.; Parra, Esteban J.; Pattaro, Cristian; Pedersen, Oluf; Pennell, Craig E.; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.; Perusse, Louis; Peters, Annette; Peyser, Patricia A.; Porteous, David J.; Posthuma, Danielle; Power, Chris; Pramstaller, Peter P.; Province, Michael A.; Qi, Qibin; Qu, Jia; Rader, Daniel J.; Raitakari, Olli T.; Ralhan, Sarju; Rallidis, Loukianos S.; Rao, Dabeeru C.; Redline, Susan; Reilly, Dermot F.; Reiner, Alexander P.; Rhee, Sang Youl; Ridker, Paul M.; Rienstra, Michiel; Ripatti, Samuli; Ritchie, Marylyn D.; Roden, Dan M.; Rosendaal, Frits Richard; Rotter, Jerome I.; Rudan, Igor; Rutters, Femke; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Saleheen, Danish; Salomaa, Veikko; Samani, Nilesh J.; Sanghera, Dharambir K.; Sattar, Naveed; Schmidt, Börge; Schmidt, Helena; Schmidt, Reinhold; Schulze, Matthias B.; Schunkert, Heribert; Scott, Laura J.; Scott, Rodney J.; Sever, Peter; Shiroma, Eric J.; Shoemaker, M. Benjamin; Shu, Xiao-Ou; Simonsick, Eleanor M.; Sims, Mario; Singh, Jai Rup; Singleton, Andrew B.; Sinner, Moritz F.; Smith, J. Gustav; Snieder, Harold; Spector, Tim D.; Stampfer, Meir J.; Stark, Klaus J.; Strachan, David P.; ‘t Hart, Leen M.; Tabara, Yasuharu; Tang, Hua; Tardif, Jean-Claude; Thanaraj, Thangavel A.; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Tönjes, Anke; Tremblay, Angelo; Tuomi, Tiinamaija; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Tusié-Luna, Maria-Teresa; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; van Dam, Rob M.; van der Harst, Pim; Van der Velde, Nathalie; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; van Schoor, Natasja M.; Vitart, Veronique; Völker, Uwe; Vollenweider, Peter; Völzke, Henry; Wacher-Rodarte, Niels H.; Walker, Mark; Wang, Ya Xing; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Watanabe, Richard M.; Watkins, Hugh; Weir, David R.; Werge, Thomas M.; Widen, Elisabeth; Wilkens, Lynne R.; Willemsen, Gonneke; Willett, Walter C.; Wilson, James F.; Wong, Tien-Yin; Woo, Jeong-Taek; Wright, Alan F.; Wu, Jer-Yuarn; Xu, Huichun; Yajnik, Chittaranjan S.; Yokota, Mitsuhiro; Yuan, Jian-Min; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Zemel, Babette S.; Zheng, Wei; Zhu, Xiaofeng; Zmuda, Joseph M.; Zonderman, Alan B.; Zwart, John Anker Henrik; Partida, Gabriel Cuellar; Sun, Yan; Croteau-Chonka, Damien; Vonk, Judith M.; Chanock, Stephen; Chasman, Daniel I.; Cho, Yoon Shin; Heid, Iris M.; McCarthy, Mark I.; Ng, Maggie C. Y.; O’Donnell, Christopher J.; Rivadeneira, Fernando; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur; Sun, Yan V.; Tai, E. Shyong; Boehnke, Michael; Deloukas, Panos; Justice, Anne E.; Lindgren, Cecilia M.; Loos, Ruth J. F.; Mohlke, Karen L.; North, Kari E.; Stefansson, Kari; Walters, Robin G.; Winkler, Thomas W.; Young, Kristin L.; Loh, Po-Ru; Yang, Jian; Esko, Tõnu; Assimes, Themistocles L.; Auton, Adam; Abecasis, Goncalo R.; Willer, Cristen J.; Locke, Adam E.; Berndt, Sonja I.; Lettre, Guillaume; Frayling, Timothy M.; Okada, Yukinori; Wood, Andrew R.; Hirschhorn, Joel N. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-12)Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are predicted to collectively explain 40–50% of phenotypic variation in human height, but identifying the specifc variants and associated regions requires huge sample sizes1 . Here, using data from a genome-wide association study of 5.4 million individuals of diverse ancestries, we show that 12,111 independent SNPs that are signifcantly associated ... -
Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries
Olsson, Maria Ingrid Teresa; van Grootel, Sanne; Block, Katharina; Schuster, Carolin; Meeussen, Loes; Van Laar, Colette; Schmader, Toni; Croft, Alyssa; Sun, Molly Shuyi; ainsaar, Mare; Aarntzen, Lianne; Adamus, Magdalena; Anderson, Joel; Atkinson, Ciara; Avicenna, Mohamad; Bąbel, Przemysław; Barth, Markus; Benson-Greenwald, Tessa; Maloku, Edona; Berent, Jacques; Bergsieker, Hilary; Biernat, Monica; Birneanu, Andreea, Georgiana; Bodinaku, Blerta; Bosak, Janine; Bosson, Jennifer K.; Branković, Marija; Burkauskas, Julius; Čavojová, Vladimíra; Cheryan, Sapna; Choi, Eunsoo; Choi, Incheol; Contreras-Ibáñez, Carlos C.; Coogan, Andrew; Danyliuk, Ivan; Dar-Nimrod, Ilan; Dasgupta, Nilanjana; de Lemus, Soledad; Devos, Thierry; Diab, Marwan; Diekman, Amanda; Efremova, Maria; Eisner, Léïla; Eller, Anja; Erentaite, Rasa; Fedáková, Denisa; Franc, Renata; Gartzia, Leire; Gavreliuc, Alin; Gavreliuc, Dana; Gecaite-Stonciene, Julija; Germano, Adriana; Giovannelli, Ilaria; Gismondi Diaz, Renzo; Gitikhmayeva, Lyudmila; Menkir Gizaw, Abiy; Gjoneska, Biljana; Martínez González, Omar; González, Roberto; David Grijalva, Isaac; Güngör, Derya; Gustafsson Sendén, Marie; Hall, William W.; Harb, Charles; Hassan, Bushra; Hässler, Tabea; R. Hawi, Diala; Henningsen, Levke; Hoppe, Annedore; Ishii, Keiko; Jakšić, Ivana; Jasini, Alba; Jurkevičienė, Jurgita; Kelmendi, Kaltrina; Kirby, Teri A.; Kitakaji, Yoko; Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza; Kozytska, Inna; Kulich, Clara; Kundtová-Klocová, Eva; Kunuroglu, Filiz; Lapytskaia Aidy, Christina; Lee, Albert; Lindqvist, Anna; LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ, WILSON; Luzvinda, Liany; Maricchiolo, Fridanna; Martinot, Delphine; McNamara, Rita Anne; Meister, Alyson; Lemma Melka, Tizita; Mickuviene, Narseta; Miranda-Orrego, María Isabel; Mkamwa, Thadeus; Morandini, James; Morton, Thomas; Mrisho, David; Nikitin, Jana; Otten, Sabine; Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria; Page-Gould, Elizabeth; Perandrés, Ana; Pizarro, Jon; Pop-Jordanova, Nada; Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna; Quta, Sameir; Ramis, TamilSelvan; Rani, Nitya; Redersdorff, Sandrine; Régner, Isabelle; Renström, Emma A.; Rivera-Rodriguez, Adrian; Tania Esmeralda Rocha, Sánchez; Ryabichenko, Tatiana; Saab, Rim; Sakata, Kiriko; Samekin, Adil; Sánchez-Pachecho, Tracy; Scheifele, Carolin; Schulmeyer, Marion K.; Sczesny, Sabine; Sirlopú, David; Smith-Castro, Vanessa; Soo, Kadri; Spaccatini, Federica; Steele, Jennifer R.; Steffens, Melanie C.; Sucic, Ines; Vandello, Joseph A.; Velásquez-Díaz, Laura Maria; Vink, Melissa; Vives, Eva; Warkineh, Turuwark Zalalam; Žeželj, Iris L.; Zhang, Xiaoxiao; Zhao, Xian; Martiny, Sarah E. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-01-23)Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 ...