Excess sugar consumption—common in youth—is associated with poor health. Evidence on the relationship between sugar consumption and the oral microbiome, however, remains scarce and inconclusive. We explored whether the diversity, composition, and functional capacities of saliva microbiota differ based on the consumption of select sugary foods and drinks (“sweet treats”). Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, ...

Introduction: Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) significantly decreases the quality of life of patients and their families, and affects patients’ mental health. No specific western medications are available. Ancient classical Chinese medical texts have recognized Tongxie Yaofang (TXYF) as a therapy for diarrhea which is widely used in clinical practice. Standard TXYF prescription ...

Objective - To explore communication about medication management during annual consultations in primary care. Design: passive participant observations of primary care consultations.<p> <p>Setting - Two primary care centres in southern Sweden.<p> <p>Participants - Consultations between 18 patients (over the age of 60 years) with chronic diseases and 10 general practitioners (GPs) were observed, ...

Background and aims - Biological therapy for inflammatory bowel disease is efficient in many cases but not all. The underlying molecular mechanisms behind non-response to biological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease are poorly described. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the mucosal cytokine transcript profile in non-immunogenic, non-responder patients with adequate trough level.<p> <p>Material ...

Background - Several changes have led to general practitioners (GPs) working in a more differentiated setting today and being supported by other health professions. As practice changes, primary care specific continuing medical education (CME) may also need to adapt. By comparing different primary care specific CME approaches for GPs across Europe, we aim at identifying challenges and opportunities ...

Background - Epidemiological studies of associations between metabolites and cancer risk have typically focused on specific cancer types separately. Here, we designed a multivariate pan-cancer analysis to identify metabolites potentially associated with multiple cancer types, while also allowing the investigation of cancer type-specific associations.<p> <p>Methods - We analysed targeted metabolomics ...

Introduction: The burden of depression is considerable worldwide as it is one of the leading causes of disability. People with depression can experience symptoms like loss of interest, feeling sad or depressed, feeling worthless, unnecessary guilt, suicidal thoughts, fatigue, and decreased pleasure. Depression can affect the personal, social, and work life of people as well as may lead to self-harm ...

<p><i>Background:</i> Onset of depression and psychological distress increase dramatically during adolescence. In adults, research has indicated that low-grade inflammation and short sleep duration are risk factors for depression. Less research has been conducted on these risk factors in healthy adolescents. <p><i>Methods:</i> This thesis explores associations between two respective exposures 1) ...

Introduction: With around 2.3 million cases, breast cancer became the most frequently diagnosed cancer in 2020 surpassing lung cancer cases and mortality. Based on histology and molecular characteristics, hormone receptor-positive (HR+) cancer has tumors with both estrogen and progesterone receptors. On the contrary, hormone receptor-negative (HR-) cancer has tumors not expressing estrogen or ...

Overweight and obesity has become a worldwide problem in the last decades. Among children aged 5-19, overweight and obesity prevalence has risen from 4% in 1975 to 18% in 2016. Children with overweight and obesity are also more likely to stay obese into adulthood. The consequences of being overweight and obese in childhood increases the risk of several non-communicable diseases and early morbidity. For ...