Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet: Recent submissions

Now showing items 2061-2080 of 10439

    • Tiltak i grunnutdanningen for å sikre legertil distrikt – en systematisk oversikt 

      Abelsen, Birgit; Fosse, Anette; Gaski, Margrete; Grimstad, Hilde (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-11)
      BAKGRUNN - Rekruttering av leger til distrikt er utfordrende. Ulike utdanningstiltak for å sikre leger til distrikt er etablert i mange land. Målet med denne studien var å samle kunnskap om hvilke tiltak i grunnutdanningen av leger som er etablert for å bidra til distriktsrekruttering, og hvilke resultater disse tiltakene har gitt.<p> <p>KUNNSKAPSGRUNNLAG - Vi gjorde et systematisk søk i ...

    • Interleukin 33: a locally induced alarmin in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis 

      Gundersen, Mona Dixon (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-09-27)
      Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease involving the mucosal lining of the large bowel (colon and rectum). Common symptoms include bouts of diarrhoea, rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. The pathogenesis of UC is complex and multifactorial. This thesis investigated interleukin 33 (IL-33), an alarmin of the innate immune system. IL-33 is of interest as it is found to be ...

    • General Measurement Tools for Assessing Mental Health Problems Among Children and Adolescents with an Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review 

      Halvorsen, Marianne Berg; Helverschou, Sissel Berge; Axeldottr, Brynhildur; Brøndbo, Per Håkan; Martinussen, Monica (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-12)
      Introduction: Cognitive impairment is one of the main disabilities in dementia. Physical activity (PA) has been suggested as protective for dementia. However, the findings are disparate in studies, and the question of whether this is because of reverse causality is still open. We aimed to explore the association of PA with cognition in people who later developed dementia compared to those who ...

    • Professionals' narratives of interactions with patients' families in intensive care 

      Nygaard, Anne Mette; Haugdahl, Hege Selnes; Laholt, Hilde; Brinchmann, Berit Støre; Lind, Ranveig (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-24)
      Background: ICU patients’ family members are in a new, uncertain, and vulnerable situation due to the patient’s critical illness and complete dependence on the ICU nurses and physicians. Family members’ feeling of being cared for is closely linked to clinicians’ attitudes and behavior.<p> <p>Aim: To explore ICU nurses’ and physicians’ bedside interaction with critically ill ICU patients´ families ...

    • Characterization and Fitness Cost of Tn7100, a Novel Integrative and Conjugative Element Conferring Multidrug Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae 

      Johannessen, Helene; Anthonisen, Inger Lill; Zecic, Nermin; Hegstad, Kristin; Ranheim, Trond Egil; Skaare, Dagfinn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2022-07-22)
      A multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain of Haemophilus influenzae, Hi-228, with phenotypic resistance toward ampicillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and azithromycin, was isolated in Oslo, Norway. The strain was part of a clonal outbreak (2016–2017) comprising five ST143 strains with identical resistotypes. Hi-228 carries a novel integrative and conjugative element (ICE), Tn7100, contributing ...

    • Safety and use of complementary and alternative medicine in Norway during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic using an adapted version of the I-CAM-Q; a cross-sectional survey 

      Kristoffersen, Agnete Egilsdatter; Jong, Miek; Esther T., van der Werf; Hök, Johanna; Stub, Trine (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-09-03)
      Background: The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has had a profound impact on physical and mental well-being throughout the world. Previous studies have revealed that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is frequently used for, and can be potential benefcial for strengthening physical mental resilience. The aims of this study were therefore to determine the prevalence and reasons for use of CAM ...

    • The Healthy Body Image intervention and reduction in eating disorder symptomatology and muscle building supplement use in high school students: a study of mediating factors 

      Svantorp-Tveiten, Kethe Marie Engen; Ivarsson, Andreas; Torstveit, Monica Klungland; Sundgot-Borgen, Christine; Mathisen, Therese Fostervold; Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid; Rosenvinge, Jan H; Friborg, Oddgeir; Pettersen, Gunn; Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-06-28)
      Background: Mediation analysis is important to test the theoretical framework underpinning an intervention. We therefore aimed to investigate if the healthy body image (HBI) intervention’s effect on eating disorder (ED) symptomatology and use of muscle building supplements was mediated by the change in risk and protective factors for ED development and muscle building supplement use. <p> <p>Methods: ...

    • Composite immune marker scores associated with severe mental disorders and illness course 

      Ormerod, Monica Bettina E. Greenwood; Ueland, Thor; Werner, Maren Caroline Frogner; Hjell, Gabriela; Rødevand, Linn Nilsen; Sæther, Linn Sofie; Lunding, Synve Hoffart; Johansen, Ingrid Torp; Ueland, Torill; Lagerberg, Trine Vik; Melle, Ingrid; Djurovic, Srdjan; Andreassen, Ole; Steen, Nils Eiel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-02)
      Background: Low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of severe mental disorders (SMDs) and a link between immune activation and clinical characteristics is suggested. However, few studies have investigated how patterns across immune markers are related to diagnosis and illness course.<p > <p>Methods: A total of 948 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (SCZ, N ...

    • Early screening outcomes among non-immigrants and immigrants targeted by BreastScreen Norway, 2010–2019 

      Thy, Jonas Evensen; Bhargava, Sameer; Larsen, Marthe; Akslen, Lars Andreas; Hofvind, Solveig Sand-Hanssen (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-31)
      Aims: This study aimed to analyse results on early screening outcomes, including recall and cancer rates, and histopathological tumour characteristics among non-immigrants and immigrants invited to BreastScreen Norway. Methods: We included information about 2, 763,230 invitations and 2,087,222 screening examinations from 805,543 women aged 50–69 years who were invited to BreastScreen Norway between ...

    • Chemical and Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Fucoidan from two Species of Brown Macroalgae (Ascophyllum nodosum and Saccharina latissima) 

      Maribu, Ingrid; Arnesen, Jan-Arne; Elvevold, Kjetil; Haug, Tor (Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2022)
      Macroalgae are vital species and are known to produce a wide range of bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, such as fucoidan. Traditionally, these compounds are extracted using hazardous solvents that leads to environmental pollution and waste. Considering this, more sustainable technologies are being investigated as greener alternatives.<p> <p>The main goal of this study was to ...

    • Digital hjemmeoppfølging og ressursbruk i primær- og spesialisthelsetjenesten: en systematisk oversikt 

      Hestevik, Christine Hillestad; Nygård, Henriette Tyse; Bjerk, Maria; Klem, Hanna Eikås; Hval, Gyri; Kleven, Linn (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2022-04)
      Velferdsteknologi, inkludert digital hjemmeoppfølging, er et viktig element i utviklingen av helse- og omsorgssektoren. Formålet med denne systematiske oversikten var å undersøke effekter av digital hjemmeoppfølging for voksne med ikke-smittsomme kroniske sykdommer mht. ressursbruk i primær- og spesialisthelsetjenesten. Digital hjemmeoppfølging i denne oversikten innebærer forhåndsavtalte helserelaterte ...

    • Predictors of extubation success: a population-based study of neonates below a gestational age of 26 weeks 

      Ohnstad, Mari Oma; Stensvold, Hans Jørgen; Pripp, Are Hugo; Tvedt, Christine Raaen; Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter; Astrup, Henriette; Eriksen, Beate Horsberg; Klingenberg, Claus Andreas; Mreihil, Khalaf; Pedersen, Tanja; Rettedal, Siren; Selberg, Terje Reidar; Solberg, Rønnaug; Støen, Ragnhild; Rønnestad, Arild Erland (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-08-09)
      Objective The aim of the study was to investigate first extubation attempts among extremely premature (EP) infants and to explore factors that may increase the quality of clinical judgement of extubation readiness. Design and method A population-based study was conducted to explore first extubation attempts for EP infants born before a gestational age (GA) of 26 weeks in Norway between 1 January ...

    • High expression of miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p predicts favorable disease-specific survival in stage I-III colon cancer 

      Selven, Hallgeir; Kilvær, Thomas Karsten; Andersen, Sigve; Rasmussen Busund, Lill-Tove; Pedersen, Mona Irene; Lombardi, Ana Paola (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-30)
      In many types of cancer, microRNAs (miRs) are aberrantly expressed. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic impact of miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p in colon cancer. Tumor tissue from 452 stage I-III colon cancer patients was retrospectively collected and tissue microarrays constructed. miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p expression was evaluated by in situ hybridization and analyzed using digital ...

    • Longitudinal changes in concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (1986–2016) and their associations with type 2 diabetes mellitus 

      Charles, Dolley; Berg, Vivian; Nøst, Therese Haugdahl; Bergdahl, Ingvar A.; Huber, Sandra; Ayotte, Pierre; Wilsgaard, Tom; Averina, Maria; Sandanger, Torkjel M; Rylander, Charlotta (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-28)
      Background: Positive associations have been reported between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, causality has not been established. Over the last decades, environmental exposure to legacy POPs has decreased, complicating epidemiological studies. In addition, physiological risk factors for T2DM may also influence POP concentrations, contributing to ...

    • Simple cardiovascular risk stratification by replacing total serum cholesterol with anthropometric measures: The MORGAM prospective cohort project 

      Rosberg, Victoria; Vishram-Nielsen, Julie KK; Kristensen, Anna M. Dyrvig; Pareek, Manan; Sehested, Thomas S.G.; Nilsson, Peter M; Linneberg, Allan; Palmieri, Luigi; Giampaoli, Simona; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Kee, Frank; Mancia, Giuseppe; Cesana, Giancarlo; Veronesi, Giovanni; Grassi, Guido; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Salomaa, Veikko; Palosaari, Tarja; Sans, Susana; Ferrieres, Jean; Dallongeville, Jean; Söderberg, Stefan; Moitry, Marie; Drygas, Wojciech; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Peters, Annette; Brenner, Hermann; Schöttker, Ben; Grimsgaard, Sameline; Biering-Sørensen, Tor; Olsen, Michael H (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-27)
      To assess whether anthropometric measures (body mass index [BMI], waist-hip ratio [WHR], and estimated fat mass [EFM]) are independently associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and to assess their added prognostic value compared with serum total-cholesterol. The study population comprised 109,509 individuals (53% men) from the MORGAM-Project, aged 19–97 years, without established ...

    • Pericyte, but not astrocyte, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) drives hypoxia-induced vascular permeability in vivo 

      Baumann, Julia; Tsao, Chih-Chieh; Patkar, Shalmali; Huang, Sheng-Fu; Francia, Simona; Magnussen, Synnøve Norvoll; Gassmann, Max; Vogel, Johannes; Köster-Hegmann, Christina; Ogunshola, Omolara O. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-15)
      Background: Ways to prevent disease-induced vascular modifcations that accelerate brain damage remain largely elusive. Improved understanding of perivascular cell signalling could provide unparalleled insight as these cells impact vascular stability and functionality of the neurovascular unit as a whole. Identifying key drivers of astrocyte and pericyte responses that modify cell–cell interactions ...

    • Foreldre til barn med Downs Syndrom – en spørreundersøkelse om deres møte med helsevesenet 

      Stefferud, Marte Johanne (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-08-31)
      Bakgrunn: Årlig fødes ca 70-80 barn med Downs syndrom (DS) i Norge. Disse har en økt prevalens av komorbiditeter, og som følge av dette et økt behov for oppfølging i helsevesenet. Flere land har utviklet anbefalinger for hva som bør følges opp hos individer med DS. Hypotesen bak oppgaven er at barn med DS ikke følges tilstrekkelig opp i norsk helsevesen. Årsaker til dette kan være både knyttet til ...

    • Metabolomics in neonatal sepsis 

      Bjerkhaug, Aline Uhirwa (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-08-31)
      <p>BACKGROUND: The clinical signs of neonatal sepsis are nonspecific and therefore antibiotic treatment is often initiated in clinically suspected cases. This approach causes concern in regard to possible overuse of antibiotics in newborns. Metabolomics is an emerging field of focus for neonatologists due to its potential phenotypical insight into cellular and metabolic processes, contributing to ...

    • Multisite musculoskeletal pain, self-harm and suicidal behaviour in Northern Norwegian adolescents: a population-based study 

      Claussen, Hanna Marie Owren (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-08-31)
      <p><i>Background:</i> Self-harm and suicidal behaviour commonly debuts and increases during adolescence. Suicidal behaviour is a major public health concern and is associated with later suicidal behaviour, mental health disorders and poor functioning in adulthood. Musculoskeletal pain also increases during adolescence and multisite pain is associated with increased disability and psychosocial problems. ...

    • The impact of long-term azithromycin on antibiotic resistance in HIV-associated chronic lung disease 

      Abotsi, Regina E.; Nicol, Mark P.; McHugh, Grace; Simms, Victoria; Rehman, Andrea M.; Barthus, Charmaine; Ngwira, Lucky G.; Kwambana-Adams, Brenda; Heyderman, Robert S.; Odland, Jon Øyvind; Ferrand, Rashida A.; Dube, Felix S. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-07)
      Selection for resistance to azithromycin (AZM) and other antibiotics such as tetracyclines and lincosamides remains a concern with long-term AZM use for treatment of chronic lung diseases (CLD). We investigated the impact of 48 weeks of AZM on the carriage and antibiotic resistance of common respiratory bacteria among children with HIV-associated CLD. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and sputa were ...