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norskDet helsevitenskapelige fakultet: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3041-3060 of 10466
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The influence of snuff and smoking on bone accretion in late adolescence. The Tromsø study, Fit Futures
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-27)Summary - Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) predicts future fracture risk. This study explores associations between use of tobacco and bone accretion in Norwegian adolescents. Our results indicate that use of snuff is negatively associated with accretion of aBMD in adolescence and may be a signal of increased future fracture risk.<p> <p>Purpose - Bone mineral accrual in childhood and adolescence ... -
Monitoring temporal trends of dioxins, organochlorine pesticides and chlorinated paraffins in pooled serum samples collected from Northern Norwegian women: The MISA cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-30)The ubiquitous presence of legacy and emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environmental matrices poses a potential hazard to the humans and creating public health concerns. The present study aimed to evaluate dioxins, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and chlorinated paraffins (CPs) concentrations in serum of women (postpartum, pregnant ... -
Begrunnelse for innleggelse med vedtak om tvungen observasjon og tvungent psykisk helsevern før og etter lovendring 1. september 2017
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-02)<p>Innledning: Bruk av tvang i psykisk helsevern er et alvorlig inngrep i pasientens autonomi og selvbestemmelse. Med formål å redusere bruk av tvang kom det 1. september 2017 en endring i Lov om psykisk helsevern. Loven medfører at en person må ha mistet sin samtykkekompetanse eller være til fare for seg selv eller andre for at vedtak på tvang skal kunne fattes. Formålet med denne studien er å ... -
Oral contraceptive use and risk of mortality among Norwegian women – a prospective study from the NOWAC study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-12-01)Millions of women are dependent on the use of oral contraceptives in order to have a more meaningful life and a general sense of well-being. These benefits make oral contraceptives one of the most prescribed medications among women. However, while there is established evidence on the short-term effects of oral contraceptive use, there are conflicting reports on the long-term risk of oral contraceptive ... -
Association between unrecognized myocardial infarction and self-reported health in the Russian population aged 35-69 years
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-11-27)The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is reportedly high in Russia; this thesis focuses on the prevalence of unrecognized myocardial infarction and self-reported health (mental health and physical health) as well as the association between both variables using data from the know your heart study. This survey is a cross sectional study from two Russian cities- Novosibirsk and Arkhangelsk (2015-2018). ... -
High-density lipoprotein subfractions: Much ado about nothing or clinically important?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-18)High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are a heterogenous group of plasma molecules with a large variety in composition. There is a wide specter in lipid content and the number of different proteins that has been associated with HDL is approaching 100. Given this heterogeneity and the fact that the total amount of HDL is inversely related to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), there has been ... -
Immunobiology of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the context of radiotherapy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-18)Radiotherapy (RT) still represents a mainstay of treatment in clinical oncology. Traditionally, the effectiveness of radiotherapy has been attributed to the killing potential of ionizing radiation (IR) over malignant cells, however, it has become clear that therapeutic efficacy of RT also involves activation of innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses. Therapeutic irradiation of the tumor ... -
Endogenous Circulating Sex Hormone Concentrations and Colon Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women: a Prospective Study and Meta-Analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-28)Background - Observational studies have consistently reported that postmenopausal hormone therapy use is associated with lower colon cancer risk, but epidemiologic studies examining the associations between circulating concentrations of endogenous estrogens and colorectal cancer have reported inconsistent results.<p> <p>Methods - We investigated the associations between circulating concentrations ... -
Chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-29)Chronic kidney disease is a common complication and concomitant condition of diabetes mellitus. The treatment of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease, including intensive control of blood sugar and blood pressure, has been very similar for type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients. New therapeutic targets have shown promising results and may lead to more specific treatment options for patients ... -
Prioritized brain circulation during ergometer cycling with apnea and face immersion in ice-cold water: A case report
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-24)Background: Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation after drowning or avalanche is often attributed to hypothermia-induced decrease in metabolism, which adapts the oxygen demand to the amount supplied under cardiac compression. Four decades ago, we speculated if oxygen-sparing mechanisms like those found in marine mammals, may improve cerebral oxygenation during acute airway blockade in humans. We ... -
Rehabilitering og sekundærforebygging etter hjerteinfarkt ved sykehus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-25)BAKGRUNN I norske studier er det dokumentert dårlig kardiovaskulær risikofaktorkontroll og høy forekomst av nye hjerte- og karhendelser hos hjerteinfarktpasienter. Det foreligger lite kunnskap om omfang av sekundærforebyggende behandling og hjerterehabilitering ved norske sykehus. Vi ønsket derfor å gjennomføre en kartlegging av rutiner ved utskrivning og poliklinisk oppfølging etter hjerteinfark ... -
Kjerneområder i Leve hele livet-reformen. En oppsummering av kunnskap om frivillighet, pårørende, medvirkning og digital kompetanse
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2021-11)Leve hele livet er en kvalitetsreform for eldre. Målet med den er at alle eldre skal få bedre hjelp og støtte til å mestre livet. Reformen handler om de grunnleggende tingene som oftest svikter i tilbudet til eldre: mat, aktivitet og fellesskap, helsehjelp og sammenheng i tjenestene.<p> <p>Senter for omsorgsforskning har utarbeidet denne og flere kunnskapsnotater på oppdrag fra Helsedirektoratet. ... -
COVID-19 preparedness—a survey among neonatal care providers in low- and middle-income countries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-13)Objective - To evaluate COVID-19 pandemic preparedness, available resources, and guidelines for neonatal care delivery among neonatal health care providers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across all continents.<p> <p>Study design - Cross-sectional, web-based survey administered between May and June, 2020.<p> <p>Results - Of 189 invited participants in 69 LMICs, we received 145 (77%) ... -
Study Habits and Procrastination: The Role of Academic Self-Efficacy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-03)Inefficient study skills increase the probability that study work is perceived as difficult and aversive, with procrastination as a likely result. As a remedy, more effective study skills and habits may be encouraged. However, research indicates that good study skills and habits may not by themselves be sufficient to remedy problems, as this relationship may be mediated by efficacy beliefs related ... -
Environmental physiotherapy and the case for multispecies justice in planetary health
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-07)Background:Global environmental change is fundamentally altering the composition and functioning of our planetary ecosystem. Effectively presenting the largest threat to the health of present and future generations, these changes and their health impacts are forcing us to think and practice healthcare in much broader terms than ever before. Objective:In this article, we provide an early outline for ... -
A combination of infraclavicular and suprascapular nerve blocks for total shoulder arthroplasty: A case series
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-27)Background - Shoulder arthroplasty is associated with significant post-operative pain. Interscalene plexus block is the gold standard for pain management in patients undergoing this surgery, however, alternatives are currently being developed. We hypothesized that a combination of anterior suprascapular nerve block and lateral sagittal infraclavicular block would provide effective post-operative ... -
Increased sensitivity to SMAC mimetic LCL161 identified by longitudinal ex vivo pharmacogenomics of recurrent, KRAS mutated rectal cancer liver metastases
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-08)Tumor heterogeneity is a primary cause of treatment failure. However, changes in drug sensitivity over time are not well mapped in cancer. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) may predict clinical drug responses ex vivo and ofer an opportunity to evaluate novel treatment strategies in a personalized fashion. Here we have evaluated spatio-temporal functional and molecular dynamics of fve PDO models ... -
Association of glycated hemoglobin A1c levels with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population: results from the BiomarCaRE (Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe) consortium
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-15)Background: Biomarkers may contribute to improved cardiovascular risk estimation. Glycated hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> (HbA<sub>1c</sub>) is used to monitor the quality of diabetes treatment. Its strength of association with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the association of HbA<sub>1c</sub> with cardiovascular outcomes in the general ... -
Psychoactive substances have major impact on injuries in rural arctic Norway – A prospective observational study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-27)Background - Rural areas have increased injury mortality with a high pre-hospital death rate. Knowledge concerning the impact of psychoactive substances on injury occurrence is lacking for rural arctic Norway. These substances are also known to increase pre-, per- and postoperative risk. The aim was by prospective observational design to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of psychoactive ... -
Response to Letter to the Editor from Dalan: "Vitamin D Supplementation for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: To D or Not to D?"
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-30)We thank Rinkoo Dalan for the comments on our paper (1, 2). We agree that although the reduction in diabetes risk with vitamin D supplementation among people at high risk for diabetes appears to be moderate (~ 12% relative risk reduction compared to placebo) (3), certain individuals may derive a higher (or lower) benefit based on certain characteristics. For example, in the simplest demonstration ...
