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norskDet helsevitenskapelige fakultet: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3201-3220 of 10468
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Oral health among the indigenous Sámi population. A population-based study on periodontal health, dental caries, and oral health-related quality of life
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-08)<p><i>Background/Aim:</i> The lack of scientific knowledge on oral health in Sámi populations and the regional differences in caries experience among children in Northern Norway has raised the question of whether the high prevalence of oral disease in that geographic area differs by ethnicity. Evidence-based knowledge on oral health conditions in adults in these areas is scarce. The overall objective ... -
Mechanism and structural requirements for formation of p62 bodies and degradation of p62 by selective autophagy
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-03)Selective autophagy is responsible for the lysosomal degradation of damaged and surplus cytoplasmic components, including misfolded proteins and dysfunctional organelles. Selective autophagy is required for protein and organelle quality control basally and upon stress. For the autophagic process to be precise, selective autophagy receptors (SARs) like SQSTM1/p62 are required. Autophagic substrates ... -
Trygg kirurgi - oppdekking og organisering av instrumentbord til operasjon: en scoping review
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-08)Bakgrunn: Oppdekking og organisering av instrumentbord er en kompleks arbeidsprosess som krever et bredt kunnskapsgrunnlag. Når kunnskapsbaserte anbefalinger tas i bruk, øker sikkerheten i operasjonsrommet. Hensikt: Studiens hensikt var å styrke utøvernes beslutningsgrunnlag. Det gjøres ved å samle, strukturere, oppsummere og presentere kunnskapsbaserte anbefalinger. <p> <p>Metode: Vi utførte en ... -
Effects of cold decompression on hemodynamic function and DCS risk in a dry diving rat model
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-03)Background: Diving in cold water is thought to increase the risk of decompression sickness (DCS), especially if the diver is cold during decompression. In this study, we investigated hemodynamic function and DCS risk in an animal model, where cold decompression was followed by rewarming at the surface. <p> <p>Methods: Nine female Sprague Dawley rats had pressure-volume catheters inserted into ... -
Gastric Cancer surgery at the University Hospital of Northern Norway from 2007 to 2017, from open to minimal invasive surgery
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-11-12)Background: Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related death, world-wide. The most common type is adenocarcinoma, which account for 95% of all gastric tube cancers. Curative treatment always includes surgery and, with few exceptions, neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. The surgical treatment of gastric cancer has changed from open to minimally invasive surgery in many centers ... -
The temporal development of cognitive behavioral therapy as treatment for unipolar depression. An evaluation based on three meta-analyses, focusing on time-trends, effect sizes, and associated moderators
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-11-29)The present thesis` main objective was to examine time-trends related to CBT as an anti-depressive treatment. A meta-analytic approach was the tool for such investigations, in which the formats of individual, group (GCBT), and mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy (MCBT) were explored from a temporal point of view, and the results subsequently summarized in four articles. The meta-analyses ... -
An App-Based Intervention for Adolescents Exposed to Cyberbullying in Norway: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-06)Background: Adolescents exposed to negative online events are at high risk to develop mental health problems. Little is known about what is effective for treatment in this group. NettOpp is a new mobile app for adolescents who have been exposed to cyberbullying or negative online experiences in Norway.<p> <p>Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide a description of the content of the ... -
Alcohol consumption, endogenous estrogen and mammographic density among premenopausal women
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-08-07)Introduction: Alcohol consumption may promote aromatization of androgens to estrogens, which may partly explain the observations linking alcohol consumption to higher breast cancer risk. Whether alcohol consumption is associated with endogenous estrogen levels, and mammographic density phenotypes in premenopausal women remains unclear.<p> <p>Methods: Alcohol consumption was collected by self-report ... -
Genetic risk variants associated with in situ breast cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-06-13)Introduction: Breast cancer in situ (BCIS) diagnoses, a precursor lesion for invasive breast cancer, comprise about 20 % of all breast cancers (BC) in countries with screening programs. Family history of BC is considered one of the strongest risk factors for BCIS.<p><p>Methods: To evaluate the association of BC susceptibility loci with BCIS risk, we genotyped 39 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ... -
Fetal cardiac function at intrauterine transfusion assessed by automated analysis of color tissue Doppler recordings
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-13)Background: Fetal anemia is associated with a hyperdynamic circulation and cardiac remodeling. Rapid intrauterine transfusion (IUT) of blood with high hematocrit and viscosity into the umbilical vein used to treat this condition can temporarily further affect fetal heart function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term changes in fetal myocardial function caused by IUT using automated ... -
Electrospun Amphiphilic Nanofibers as Templates for In Situ Preparation of Chloramphenicol-Loaded Liposomes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-20)The hydration of phospholipids, electrospun into polymeric nanofibers and used as templates for liposome formation, offers pharmaceutical advantages as it avoids the storage of liposomes as aqueous dispersions. The objective of the present study was to electrospin and characterize amphiphilic nanofibers as templates for the preparation of antibiotic-loaded liposomes and compare this method with ... -
Patient-tailored levothyroxine dosage with pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling: A novel approach after total thyroidectomy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-07)Background: After seven decades of levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy, dosage adjustment still takes several months. We have developed a decision aid tool (DAT) that models LT4 pharmacometrics and enables patient-tailored dosage. The aim of this was to speed up dosage adjustments for patients after total thyroidectomy.<p> <p>Methods: The DAT computer program was developed with a group of 46 ... -
Circle of Willis variants and cerebrovascular health: Representations, prevalences, functions and related consequences. Incomplete anatomy and changes to flow appear to induce more unfavourable health outcomes
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-03)<p><i>Background:</i> The Circle of Willis (CoW) is a circular structure of arteries in which most of the blood flowing to our brains pass through. The structure has primarily been regarded as important for its ability to redistribute blood flow in case of acute arterial occlusion, but may also have a role in dampening the pressure gradient in cerebral blood flow. The CoW anatomy also varies ... -
Testicular cancer survivors in the cisplatin era: Metachronous contralateral testicular cancer, second cancer and causes of death
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-11-26)<p><i>Background/aims:</i> Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common cancer among young men aged 20-40 years. The cure rates are excellent, an important factor being the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. This thesis aimed to investigate how TC treatment influenced the subsequent risk for metachronous contralateral (second) TC, non-TC second cancer (SC) and non-TC mortality. <p><i>Methods:</i> The ... -
Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus and Associated Factors Among Preconception Women: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study in China
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-25)Background: Cytomegalovirus seroconversion during pregnancy is common and has a substantial risk of congenital infection with longterm sequale. Screening during pregnancy or vaccination have not been shown to be effective for eliminating congenital infections. Preconception screening policy has not been evaluated adequately in a large scale. This nationwide study aimed to investigate epidemiological ... -
The Impact of COVID-19-Induced Changes at Schools on Elementary Students' School Engagement
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-09)In spring 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic led to the shutdown of schools in many countries. Emerging research documents the negative effects of the pandemic and particularly of the shutdown of schools on children's well-being. The present research extends this research by investigating how structural changes made in schools upon reopening to align with COVID-19 restrictions were related to children's ... -
The scavenger function of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in health and disease
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-11)The aim of this review is to give an outline of the blood clearance function of the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in health and disease. Lining the hundreds of millions of hepatic sinusoids in the human liver the LSECs are perfectly located to survey the constituents of the blood. These cells are equipped with high-affinity receptors and an intracellular vesicle transport apparatus, ... -
Physical activity in Sami and non-Sami populations in rural Northern Norway, the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-14)Background - The Sami people is an indigenous minority population living in the northern parts of Norway and mainly in rural areas. We lack data of contemporary levels of physical activity (PA) in rural regions of Northern Norway and in the Sami population in particular. We aimed to describe the PA levels and investigate whether PA levels differs between Sami and non-Sami and between coastal and ... -
Low Z-4OHtam concentrations are associated with adverse clinical outcome among early stage premenopausal breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-14)Abstract Low steady‐state levels of active tamoxifen metabolites have been associated with inferior treatment outcomes. In this retrospective analysis of 406 estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer (BC) patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen as initial treatment, we have associated our previously reported thresholds for the two active metabolites, Z‐endoxifen and Z‐4‐hydroxy‐tamoxifen (Z‐4OHtam), ... -
Protein, creatine and dieting supplements among adolescents: Use and associations with eating disorder risk factors, exercise- and sports participation, and immigrant status
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-13)Objective: This study aimed to estimate the number of weekly users of protein, creatine, and dieting supplements and to explore whether weekly use was related to eating disorder (ED) risk factors, exercise, sports participation, and immigrant status.<p><p> Methods: In total, 629 and 1,060 high school boys and girls, respectively, self-reported weekly frequency of protein, creatine, and dieting ...
