Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet: Recent submissions

Now showing items 3621-3640 of 10469

    • Network Analysis: an approach to the study of drug-drug relations. Co-medication in Norwegian elderly and severe drug-drug interactions as examples 

      Askar, Mohsen (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)
      Network analysis (NA) has been used for studying many social aspects. Employing of network analysis as an approach in the field of public health, to study the relations between patients or health workers and their potential effects in many medical perspectives, took a good share of researchers’ efforts as well. Few attempts have been conducted to use network analysis to study drug-drug relations ...

    • Collateral sensitivity in clinical mecillinam resistant isolates of Escherichia coli 

      Nguyen, Tammy Tam Hoai Thi (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-05-13)
      Background The rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major threat to the successful management of infectious diseases. To counteract this global threat, development of novel treatment strategies is essential. A promising strategy may be exploiting collateral sensitivity; a phenomenon that occurs when a microorganism that has developed resistance to one antimicrobial agent, ...

    • Influence of environmental tonicity changes on lipophilic drug release from liposomes 

      Nikolaisen, Trygg Einar (Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2018-05-15)
      Introduction: Liposomes as drug delivery systems has been widely studied as a way to solubilize poorly soluble drugs, reduce side effects of chemotherapeutics and increase circulation time in vivo. Since the first descriptions of liposomes over 60 years ago, they have shown tendencies to shrink and swell when the external environment of the liposomes is altered. This phenomenon has been studied in ...

    • What predicts student decision to leave? A new perspective on academic attrition 

      Nemtcan, Efim (Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2019-05-02)
      The issue of attrition from higher education is a significant problem across Europe and especially Norway, where dropout rates are as high as 20-25%. In the current study, we address the issue from the perspective of attrition intentions that have been found closely associated with actual attrition behavior. In particular, we attempted to differentiate between types of students’ attrition intentions: ...

    • Provosert abort blant tenåringer i Finnmark - Tiltak som har bidratt til å redusere abortraten de siste år 

      Nilsen, Lisa Adeleide (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-03)
      Bakgrunn: Økt tilgjengelighet på prevensjon og relevante helsetjenester er viktige faktorer for å redusere antall provoserte aborter. De siste årene har det vært en betydelig reduksjon i antall aborter blant tenåringsjenter i Finnmark og landet forøvrig. Dette etter at det har vært igangsatt flere nasjonale tiltak gjennom handlingsplaner. Finnmark har tradisjonelt hatt høy abortforekomst i Norge og ...

    • The consequences of an ADHD-score in the clinical range in adolescence for mental health in young adults. 

      Haldorsen, Andreas (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-03)
      Objectives To investigate the consequences of ADHD symptoms in adolescence to mental health as young adult, in a Norwegian population. Design and setting Data were obtained from the Norwegian Arctic Adolescent Health Study, a school-based survey conducted among 10th grade students in North Norway (2003-2005). This data were linked to the Norwegian Patient Registry(2008-2012). Participants In ...

    • Hvor mange med vertebrale kompresjonsbrudd identifisert i 2015 ble fulgt opp med beintetthetsmåling innen to år? 

      Halstensgård, Malin Sofie Mikkelsen (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-01)
      Introduksjon: Osteoporose er en sykdom som rammer skjelettet i form av redusert beintetthet (BMD), og som gir økt risiko for brudd. Måling av BMD er sentralt i diagnostikk av sykdommen. Formålet med denne studien er å avdekke hvor mange av pasientene med vertebrale kompresjonsbrudd som ble fulgt opp med måling av BMD innen to år, samt om kjønn, alder og tilstedeværelse av kjent osteoporose eller ...

    • Smokeless Tobacco and Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus 

      Karlsen, Anna (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-01)
      Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most potent human bacterial pathogens, yet 20-30% of us carry this bacterium in our nose as part of our habitual microbiota. Studies have found association between smoking and S. aureus nasal carriage, while data on smokeless tobacco (SLT) have been largely lacking. As use of SLT is increasing in Norway, it would be interesting to see if the use of SLTs influences ...

    • Topical vaginal therapy: Development of a liposomal hydrogel delivery system for epicatechin 

      Moueffaq, Sabrin (Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2018-05-15)
      Vaginal infections are common in women of all ages and proper treatment is essential. The vaginal route of administration can be considered as favourable for the local therapy of vaginal infections. There are several vaginal dosage forms currently available; however, all suffer from limitations such as leakage and limited residence time at the site of action resulting in reduced therapeutic effect. ...

    • Crowdsourcing Hypothesis Tests: Making Transparent How Design Choices Shape Research Results 

      Landy, Justin F; Jia, Miaolei; Ding, Isabel L; Viganola, Domenico; Tierney, Warren; Dreber, Anna; Johannesson, Magnus; Pfeiffer, Thomas; Ebersole, Charles R; Gronau, Quentin F; Pfuhl, Gerit; Ly, Alexander; van den Bergh, Don; Marsman, Maarten; Derks, Koen; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan; Proctor, Andrew; Bartels, Daniel M.; Bauman, Christopher W.; Brady, William J.; Cheung, Felix; Cimpian, Andrei; Dohle, Simone; Donnellan, M. Brent; Hahn, Adam; Hall, Michael P.; Jiménez-Leal, William; Johnson, David J.; Lucas, Richard E.; Monin, Benoît; Montealegre, Andres; Mullen, Elizabeth; Pang, Jun; Ray, Jennifer; Reinero, Diego A.; Reynolds, Jesse; Sowden, Walter; Storage, Daniel; Su, Runkun; Tworek, Christina M.; Van Bavel, Jay J.; Walco, Daniel; Wills, Julian; Xu, Xiaobing; Yam, Kai Chi; Yang, Xiaoyu; Cunningham, William A.; Schweinsberg, Martin; Urwitz, Molly; Uhlmann, Eric L. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-16)
      To what extent are research results influenced by subjective decisions that scientists make as they design studies? Fifteen research teams independently designed studies to answer five original research questions related to moral judgments, negotiations, and implicit cognition. Participants from 2 separate large samples (total N 15,000) were then randomly assigned to complete 1 version ...

    • GFR in healthy aging: An individual participant data meta-analysis of iohexol clearance in european population-based cohorts 

      Eriksen, Bjørn Odvar; Pálsson, Runólfur; Ebert, Natalie; Melsom, Toralf; van der Giet, Markus; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Indridasson, Olafur S.; Inker, Lesley A.; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Levey, Andrew S.; Solbu, Marit Dahl; Tighiouart, Hocine; Schaeffner, Elke (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07)
      <i>Background</i> - Population mean GFR is lower in older age, but it is unknown whether healthy aging is associated with preserved rather than lower GFR in some individuals.<br><br> <i>Methods</i> - We investigated the cross-sectional association between measured GFR, age, and health in persons aged 50–97 years in the general population through a meta-analysis of iohexol clearance measurements ...

    • The Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity-Revised (LEIDS-R) and its revision (LEIDS-RR): An investigation of the internal structure and conceptual validity in a Norwegian sample 

      Himle, Aslak E; Havik, Odd E.; Thimm, Jens (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-02-16)
      The purpose of this study was to evaluate the internal consistency, factor structure, and validity of the Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity-Revised (LEIDS-R) and a recent revision of the LEIDS-R (LEIDS-RR) in Norway. The LEIDS-R is a self-report inventory measuring cognitive reactivity. Cognitive reactivity is defined as the relative ease with which negative thinking is activated by mild low ...

    • Renal sympathetic denervation, potential effects on blood pressure and glucose metabolism in patients with severe treatment resistant hypertension. The Re-shape CV-risk study 

      Miroslawska, Atena (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-06-23)
      <p>Background: Denervation of renal sympathetic nerves (RDN) is a mini-invasive endovascular procedure introduced as an antihypertensive treatment with a potentially beneficial effect on insulin resistance. In this open-label non-randomized study we investigated non-diabetic patients with true treatment-resistant hypertension defined as office systolic blood pressure (BP)>140 mmHg and (mean) daytime ...

    • Investigation into the presence of CRISPR-Cas- and R-M systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae and correlation with antibiotic resistance, virulence and plasmids 

      Nilsen, Miriam Kristine (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-06-05)
      The aims were to perform a bioinformatic-statistical analysis of CRISPR-Cas- and R-M systems in a diverse whole genome sequenced K. pneumoniae population, and their correlations to virulence score and AMR -/ plasmid content. The strains (n=999) consisted of Norwegian fecal carrier (n=484) and clinical (NORM; ESBL and non-ESBL producing) (n=414), and national-international clinical ST307 strains ...

    • Assessing firefighters’ tourniquet skill attainment and retention – A controlled simulation-based experiment 

      Dragset, Erik; Blix, Sigurd Wisborg (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-03)
      <p>Background: The aim of this study was to train and assess firefighters’ skill attainment in the use of tourniquets, and to assess their skill retention after three months. The purpose is to show whether firefighters can successfully apply a tourniquet after a short course based on the new national recommendation for civilian prehospital tourniquet use. <p>Material and methods: This was a ...

    • Etterlevelse av retningslinjer for utredning og behandling av urinveisinfeksjon i sykehjem i Troms og Finnmark 

      Olsen, Enja Zhang; Nilssen, Sofie Elarjoun (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-03)
      <p>Background: Studies have shown an overtreatment of assumed urinary tract infection (UTI) in elderly patients in nursing homes. Two factors to be considered in this aspect is the high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in nursing homes, and non-specific signs and symptoms influencing the diagnostic evaluation of possible UTI. <p>Method: A retrospective chart review of suspected UTIs in eight ...

    • Hvilke faktorer er assosiert med effekt av intervensjon ved overvekt og fedme hos barn 

      Kjetså, Ingrid (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-06-03)
      <p>Formål: Formålet med studien var å undersøke sammenheng mellom startkarakteristika og endring av effektmål (BMI, BMI SDS og midjemål) hos barn som deltok i Aktivitetsskolen i Finnmark. <p>Bakgrunn: Prevalensen av overvekt blant barn og unge har over tid vært økende, og ser ut til å stabilisere seg på et relativt høyt nivå. Dette er bekymringsfullt da overvekt blant barn har negative konsekvenser ...

    • Prevalens av insomni i den syvende Tromsøundersøkelsen 2015-16: Betydningen av bruk av ulike diagnosekriterier 

      Goll, Jonas Bjørnskov; Bakke, Øystein Kvåle (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-02)
      Sammendrag Bakgrunn: Insomniprevalens i den generelle befolkningen er undersøkt på mange måter tidligere med sprikende resultater. Metodiske forskjeller mellom studiene, men også de mange måtene insomni defineres på, forklarer mye av spriket. Materiale og metode: Spørreskjema brukt i den syvende Tromsøundersøkelsen med 21 083 deltagere (oppmøte 65%) inkluderte Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS), et ...

    • Urosepsis som følge av transrektal ultralydveiledet prostatabiopsi. En retrospektiv pasientserie fra 2014 til 2017 

      Bjerkseter, Christopher (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-02)
      Bakgrunn: Prostatakreft er den hyppigste kreftformen for menn i Norge. Transrektal ultralyd guidet prostata biopsi (TRUSgpb) er gullstandard for diagnostisering av prostatakreft. Infeksjon er en fryktet komplikasjon ved TRUSgpb. I denne studien kartlegger vi insidensen av urosepsis, bakteriologisk agens og resistensmønster etter TRUSgpb ved Universitetssykehuset Nord Norge (UNN) i perioden 2014 til ...

    • Akutt nyreskade hos nyfødte innlagt på Nyfødt Intensiv UNN Tromsø. Et 6,5-års materiale 

      Fløysand, Marte Skogedal (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-02)
      Bakgrunn: Akutt nyreskade (AKI) hos nyfødte bidrar til økt mortalitet og morbiditet blant nyfødte innlagt på Nyfødt Intensiv. På grunn av ulike kriterier for å måle AKI, varierer den rapporterte insidensen i denne befolkningsgruppen. Det er flere trekk med nyfødtes nyrefysiologi som gjør dem utsatt for akutt nyreskade, blant annet hemodynamiske forandringer ved fødsel, lav glomerulær filtrasjon ...