English
norskInstitutt for psykologi: Recent submissions
Now showing items 701-720 of 883
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Simple ears - flexible behavior: Information processing in the moth auditory pathway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-03)Abstract Lepidoptera evolved tympanic ears in response to echolocating bats. Comparative studies have shown that moth ears evolved many times independently from chordotonal organs. With only 1 to 4 receptor cells, they are one of the simplest hearing organs. The small number of receptors does not imply simplicity, neither in behavior nor in the neural circuit. Behaviorally, the response to ... -
Epidemiology of eating disorders part III: Social epidemiology and case definitions revisited.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-04-09)The previous papers in this series outlined a historical panorama and presented updated knowledge about putative risk factors and how eating disorders are distributed in various populations. In this final paper, we discuss in what way comorbidity findings and transdiagnostic issues may change our conceptions about ‘an epidemiological case’ from the current definition of eating disorders based on the ... -
Dealing with negative stereotypes in sports: The role of cognitive anxiety when multiple identities are activated in sensorimotor tasks
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-08)Based on research on stereotype threat and multiple identities, this work explores the beneficial effects of activating a positive social identity when a negative identity is salient on women’s performance in sports. Further, in line with research on the effects of anxiety in sports, we investigate whether the activation of a positive social identity buffers performance from cognitive anxiety ... -
Predictors of Response to Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With High-Intensity Face-to-Face Therapist Guidance for Depression: A Bayesian Analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-02-06)Background: Several studies have demonstrated the effect of guided Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) for depression. However, ICBT is not suitable for all depressed patients and there is a considerable level of nonresponse. Research on predictors and moderators of outcome in ICBT is inconclusive. Objective: This paper explored predictors of response to an intervention combining the ... -
How can placebo effects best be applied in clinical practice? A narrative review
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-01-29)Placebo effects are documented in a number of clinical and experimental studies. It is possible to benefit from placebo effects in clinical practice by using them as effects additive to those of documented and effective treatments. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how doctors and other health workers may benefit from placebo effects within an ethical framework. A narrative review of the ... -
Violence affects physical and mental health differently: the general population based Tromsø study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-08-28)This general population-based study examined associations between violence and mental health, musculoskeletal pain, and early disability pension. The prevalence and consequences of good vs. poor adjustment (resilience vs vulnerability) following encounters with violence were also examined. Data were based on the sixth wave of the “Tromsø Study” (N=12,981; 65.7% response rate, 53.4% women, M-age=57.5 ... -
Silent or Vocalizing Rats Copulate in a Similar Manner
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-12-03)Both male and female rats produce 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in the presence of a sexual partner and during copulation. Previous studies showed that USVs have no incentive value for rats. In this study, we evaluated the role of USVs in behavior during copulation. Three groups of rats were used: sham males paired with sham females, devocalized females paired with sham males, and sham ... -
No effect of 2mA anodal tDCS over the M1 on performance and practice effect on Grooved Pegboard Test and Trail Making Test B
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-08-19)Previous studies suggest that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can facilitate motor performance and learning. In this double-blind experiment, 60 healthy human subjects (29 females) were randomized into three groups (active tDCS, sham tDCS, and no-treatment control group) in order to investigate the effect of a 20 min session of 2 mA tDCS over the motor cortex contralateral to the ... -
Fear of pain potentiates nocebo hyperalgesia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-12)Nocebo hyperalgesia has received sparse experimental attention compared to placebo analgesia. The aim of the present study was to investigate if personality traits and fear of pain could predict experimental nocebo hyperalgesia. One hundred and eleven healthy volunteers (76 females) participated in an experimental study in which personality traits and fear of pain were measured prior to induction ... -
Responses to success: Seeking pleasant experiences before a task is complete?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-08-21)Although engaging in pleasant experiences following successful performance may be hedonically rewarding, in the present research we proposed that individuals might forego pleasant experiences when they have not yet completed a task. In Study 1 (N = 100), participants reported the extent to which they would like to engage in pleasant experiences in a hypothetical situation where their performance ... -
Distracted by the unthought - Suppression and reappraisal of mind wandering under stereotype threat
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-03-27)Previous research has found that subtle reminders of negative stereotypes about one’s group can lead individuals to underperform on stereotype-relevant tests (e.g., women in math, ethnic minorities on intelligence tests). This so called stereotype threat effect can contribute to systematic group differences in performance that can obscure the true abilities of certain social groups and thereby ... -
A comparison of behavioral and psychological characteristics of patients opting for surgical and conservative treatment for morbid obesity
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-02-05)Background Little is known about the psychological prerequisites for weight loss maintenance after bariatric surgery. A first step in investigating whether existing knowledge of conservative weight loss treatment is applicable for lifestyle interventions postoperatively is to compare specific psychological characteristics at baseline. The aim of this study was to compare patients scheduled for ... -
Morningness-Eveningness and Flextime Possibilities: Connections Between Circadian Rhythm, Work Day Schedule, Well-Being and Productivity
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-05-02)The current study aimed to investigate earlier reported connections to the morningness- eveningness dimension or flextime, and to offer an explanatory model linking these variables to well-being and productivity. Earlier findings gave the impression that it could be beneficial for both organizations and employees to have work schedules allowing employees to take their own circadian rhythm into ... -
Holdninger til sykefravær: En studie av betydningen av kjønn og omsorgsrolle
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2015-08-01)Kjønnsforskjellen i det norske sykefraværet økte markant på slutten av 1970-tallet, parallelt med at kvinner for alvor ble en del av arbeidsstyrken. Fra slutten av 80-tallet synes kjønnsforskjellen å ha stabilisert seg på dagens høye nivå, der kvinners sykefravær er betydelig høyere enn menns og i tillegg svakt stigende. Verken forskjeller i yrke, helse og omsorgsroller gir gode eller dekkende ... -
Circle of security – Effektivitet, virksomme mekanismer og implementering i barnehage og skole.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2015-06-30)Circle of security (COS) er et intervensjonsprogram med opprinnelse i USA, som er ment å fremme tilknytningskvaliteten mellom barn og omsorgsperson, og implementeres for tiden i stor grad i Norge. Denne oppgaven tok sikte på å gjennomgå den empiriske forskningslitteraturen som finnes på COS og undersøkte i tillegg om det finnes tilstrekkelig grunnlag for denne implementeringen. Oppgaven tok også for ... -
Sammenhengen mellom klima og smerter ved fibromyalgi
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2015-08-04)Denne studien undersøkte sammenhengen mellom vær og smerte hos pasienter med fibromyalgi. Deltakerne bestod av 47 pasienter (44 kvinner og 3 menn) med fibromyalgidiagnose, som alle var bosatte i Tromsøregionen. Deltakerne rapporterte sitt smertenivå, smerteubehag, grad av uro og nervøsitet tre ganger daglig i en periode på 30 dager. All data ble samlet inn via SMS. Samtidig ble meteorologisk data ... -
The cross-cultural validity of the Resilience Scale for Adults: A comparison between Norway and Brazil
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-06-18)Background: The resilience construct is of increasing interest in clinical and health psychology. The Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) is a measure of protective factors. The evidence supporting its construct validity is good, however evidence of cross-cultural validity is modest. The present study explored the factorial invariance of the RSA across a Brazilian and a Norwegian sample, as well as ... -
Bare noen bokstaver?
(Chronicle; Kronikk, 2015) -
D for Demoner
(Chronicle; Kronikk, 2015) -
Gammel, sier du? Hurra!
(Chronicle; Kronikk, 2015)
