The rise in frequency of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria makes the need for new treatment options for previously curable bacterial infections ever more important. In the process of discovering and developing antibacterial agents, one powerful approach has been borrowing wisdom from nature. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical components of the innate immune systems found in almost all ...

As mucosal barriers in fish are the main sites where pathogens are encountered, mucosal immunity is crucial to avoid infection in the aquatic environment. In teleost fish, immunoglobulins are present in gut, gill and skin mucus, although not in the same amounts as in higher vertebrates. In mammals, the poly-Ig receptor (pIgR) is synthesized in epithelial cells and mediates the active transport ...

The manuscripts of the dissertation presented here encompass several aspects of adaptations in ice-associated amphipods, focussing mainly on their ability to cope with increased light levels, including the ultraviolet radiation (UVR), under thinner or more dispersed sea ice. A decrease in multi-year ice (MYI) in the Arctic, and a concurrent reduction in stable habitat for ice-associated species, is ...

Climate warming in the Arctic has resulted in widespread changes in the physical oceanographic characteristics of the Arctic Ocean. One particularly visible change is the loss of sea ice both within the Arctic Ocean and in the surrounding shelf seas. Compared to the other shelf seas, the Barents Sea has experienced the largest declines in sea ice extent, with much of this loss occurring during winter. ...

Both nationally and internationally, there is a rising ambition to reduce carbon footprint to fight climate change. However, climate change should not be seen as a solitary challenge as the human population has more than tripled since the 1950ths. We are therefore moving towards the inevitable crossroad where the food needed to sustain humanity and the traditional utilized resources we have ...

Three genetically discrete morphs of Arctic charr in Loch Rannoch, Scotland originated from a recent divergence within the lake (in situ) (piscivore and benthivore morphs) and from secondary contact of two older lineages (ex situ; a planktivore–piscivore/ benthivore divergence). To test if the expression of traits with strong functional roles was linked to the age of the divergence, fin and ...

The domain of Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics is not new, with discussions going back at least 40 years. Teaching the principles and requirements of ethical AI to students is considered an essential part of this domain, with an increasing number of technical AI courses taught at several higher-education institutions around the globe including content related to ethics. By using Latent Dirichlet ...

Population cycles in small rodents have attracted attention from ecologists for more than a century. This spectacular phenomenon is crucial for the functioning of many northern food-webs and has intrigued ecologist because of its lessons for general ecology. Knowledge about the rodent cycle has, however, been hampered by the lack of reliable monitoring methods both for rodents and some of their ...

Det økende behovet for marine ressurser som ingrediens i fôr har ført til et søk etter nye ressurser, da dagens ressurser ikke lengre er bærekraftig. For å øke utbytte er det foreslått å rette søket lengre ned i næringskjeden. Marine kiselalger er et eksempel på slike organismer. Disse er ikke godt utnyttet i dag, hovedsakelig på grunn av manglende kunnskap rundt teknologi, samt forskning på hvilke ...

Formålet med denne studien var å avdekke kundeopplevelser gjennom en bankbytteprosess, som en studie av kundereisen fra gammel til ny bank. I henhold til det teoretiske rammeverket for kundereiser, ble bankbytteprosessen delt opp i tre faser, før, under og etter bankbytte. Videre ble bankkunders opplevelser knyttet til hver fase undersøkt. Opplevelse er i denne sammenheng definert som en helhetlig ...