Increased knowledge about marine mammal seasonal distribution and species assemblage from the South Orkney Islands waters is needed for the development of management regulations of the commercial fishery for Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in this region. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data were collected during the autumn and winter seasons in two consecutive years (2016, 2017), which ...

Camera traps are a powerful, practical, and non-invasive method used widely to monitor animal communities and evaluate management actions. However, camera trap arrays can generate thousands to millions of images that require significant time and effort to review. Computer vision has emerged as a tool to accelerate this image review process. We propose a multi-step, semi-automated workflow which ...

As antibiotic resistance is on the rise in parallel with the stagnation of antibiotic discovery, the world urges for novel antibacterial strategies. Phage therapy has a century-long history of application in former Soviet countries in eastern Europe and has gained attention as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics, with high specificity and low cytotoxicity. This study aimed at isolating ...

This study explores the topics and trends of teaching AI ethics in higher education, using Latent Dirichlet Allocation as the analysis tool. The analyses included 166 courses from 105 universities around the world. Building on the uncovered patterns, we distil a model of current pedagogical practice, the BAG model (Build, Assess, and Govern), that combines cognitive levels, course content, and ...

Emotion and cognition are at the core of human behaviour and modelling human behaviour is at the core of social simulation. Using a bibliometric analysis of publications connecting agent-based modelling with cognition (sense), emotion (sensibility), or both, this study describes the evolution of the field, explores trends, and identifies existing gaps, and proposes potential future developments. Our ...

Agent-based models of human behaviors in emergencies are extremely important in prevention, preparedness, response and mitigation of crises. However, there is huge variation in the modeling of human cognitions and actions, with varying degrees of realism and even more diverse definitions of how realism should be implemented in the models. The aim of this Rapid Literature Review is to identify existing ...

In the Arctic tundra, predators face recurrent periods of food scarcity and often turn to ungulate carcasses as an alternative food source. As important and localized resource patches, carrion promotes co-occurrence of different individuals, and its use by predators is likely to be affected by interspecific competition. We studied how interspecific competition and resource availability impact ...

Fisheries management is moving from a single-species to an ecosystem-based approach to better balance the technical, biological, and economic aspects of the many mixed-species fisheries in the world. Most mixed fisheries are conducted with trawl gears, which have a hereditary challenge of providing a species and size selectivity that meets the development in management objectives of reducing unwanted ...

Zooplankton consumption of sinking aggregates affects the quality and quantity of organic carbon exported to the deep ocean. Increasing laboratory evidence shows that small particle-associated copepods impact the flux attenuation by feeding on sinking particles, but this has not been quantified in situ. We investigated the impact of an abundant particle-colonizing copepod, Microsetella norvegica, ...

Background Plankton is the essential ecological category that occupies the lower levels of aquatic trophic networks, representing a good indicator of environmental change. However, most studies deal with distribution of single species or taxa and do not take into account the complex of biological interactions of the real world that rule the ecological processes.<p> <p>Results This study focused ...