The boreal forest is one of the largest terrestrial biomes on Earth. Conifers normally dominate the tree layer across the biome, but other aspects of ecosystem structure and dynamics vary geographically. The cause of the conspicuous differences in the understory vegetation and the herbivore–predator cycles between northwestern Europe and western North America presents an enigma. Ericaceous dwarf ...

Changes in cell walls have been previously observed in the mature infection organ, or haustorium, of the parasitic angiosperm Cuscuta, but are not equally well charted in young haustoria. In this study, we focused on the molecular processes in the early stages of developing haustoria; that is, before the parasite engages in a physiological contact with its host. We describe first the identification ...

This article describes and justifies a reporting standard to improve data use documentation in Agent-Based Modelling. Following the development of reporting standards for models themselves, empirical modelling has now developed to the point where these standards need to take equally effective account of data use (which previously has tended to be an afterthought to model description). It is ...

Since the late 1980s, Norwegian fishers have been subjected to a cohesive regulatory regime aimed at sustainable resource management. Despite high occupational injury rates and exposure to several factors that may influence health negatively, regulation of occupational health and safety (OHS) came late in fishing compared with other industries. Fisheries management and safety management are not ...

Aktuelle diagnoser, «nye» sykdommer og spesielle tilfeller har i mange år blitt presentert under vignetten «Aktuelle sykdomsutbrudd og diagnoser fra Veterinærinstituttet, Mattilsynet og NMBU Veterinærhøgskolen». Redaksjonen er av den oppfatning at dette er nyttig og lett tilgjengelig informasjon som bidrar til å opprettholde medlemmenes kunnskap om utviklingen innen diagnostikk og overvåkning av ...

<p>The dissertation includes four papers altogether. Three papers examine mechanisms for price transmission between markets. Among them, one deals with price transmission along the supply chain, and the other two deal with price transmission across spatially distinct markets. The fourth paper measures the effects of demand shifts on the market price equilibrium. <p>Paper 1 investigates price ...

We took an experimental approach to study what may contribute to such behavior, and what effect these choices have on individual wellbeing. We used three independent surveys to analyze this, all three measuring positional preferences in a broad spectrum of domains. If left uncorrected, there might be large unintended external effects from positional preferences, which is why this research is necessary. ...

Ecologically-relevant marine diatoms produce a plethora of bioactive oxylipins deriving from fatty acid oxidation, including aldehydes, hydroxy-fatty acids, epoxy-hydroxy-fatty acids, and oxo-acids. These secondary metabolites have been related to the negative effect of diatoms on copepod reproduction, causing low hatching success and teratogenesis in the offspring during periods of intense diatom ...

Snow melt timing and the last day of snow cover have a significant impact on vegetation phenology in the Svalbard archipelago. The aim of this study is to assess the seasonal variations of the snow using a multi-sensor approach and to analyze the sensitivity of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter to vegetation growth and soil moisture in an arctic environment. A combined approach using ...

Aim A focal task for invasion biology is to identify the environmental variables and biological traits that set and underpin realised and potential habitats of invasive species. Ecophysiology provides powerful empirical knowledge that connects theory with natural phenomena and may improve the accuracy of species distribution modelling. We used the introduced Kamchatka red king crab Paralithodes ...