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dc.contributor.advisorRobertsen, Børre
dc.contributor.authorChang, Chia Jung
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-17T10:30:09Z
dc.date.available2016-08-17T10:30:09Z
dc.date.issued2016-08-25
dc.description.abstractFish farming has been considered the importance resource for supplying food for the global requirement. Norway by far is the country that produces the most salmon in the world, and virus disease is one of the major problems that causes the economic loss in fish farming. For combating the diseases, the vaccine has been developed. In Norway, traditional vaccines based on inactivated virus are available against IPN, PD, and ISA, but do not appear to give adequate protection. IPN and vaccine based on recombinant VP2 are the only commercial available subunit vaccine in Norway that provides high and long-lasting protection. There is thus a clear need to develop effective vaccines against these and other virus diseases of Atlantic salmon. To develop improved vaccines and other prophylactic methods, it is important to increase the understanding of the interaction of viruses with the immune system of Atlantic salmon. Three salmon interferon subtypes IFNa, IFNb and IFNc which all induce the expression of antiviral genes in salmon cells that provide antiviral activity against virus infection. Therefore, in the first part of our work, we have studied if the intramuscular injection of IFN-I expressed plasmid DNA can induce antiviral activity in salmon pre-smolt and provide protection against virus infection. Our work has shown that IFNc but not IFNb and IFNa plasmid induce a strong antiviral activity and protection against ISAV and SAV3. Besides, IFN-I plays an important role in modulating adaptive immune response in mammals, therefore, in the second part of our work, we have studied if type I IFNs might be used as adjuvants in fish DNA vaccines. We have chosen ISAV HE DNA vaccine as the model that co-injected with salmon IFN-I plasmid, and the results of our work show a strong adjuvant effect of all three interferons. Our result is the first time illustrated the adjuvant effect of IFN-I in fish that could be useful for vaccine development.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractFish farming has been considered the importance resource for supplying food for the global requirement. Norway by far is the country that produces the most salmon in the world, and virus disease is one of the major problems that causes the economic loss in fish farming. For combating the diseases, the vaccine has been developed. In Norway, traditional vaccines based on inactivated virus are available against IPN, PD, and ISA, but do not appear to give adequate protection. IPN and vaccine based on recombinant VP2 are the only commercial available subunit vaccine in Norway that provides high and long-lasting protection. There is thus a clear need to develop effective vaccines against these and other virus diseases of Atlantic salmon. To develop improved vaccines and other prophylactic methods, it is important to increase the understanding of the interaction of viruses with the immune system of Atlantic salmon. Three salmon interferon subtypes IFNa, IFNb and IFNc which all induce the expression of antiviral genes in salmon cells that provide antiviral activity against virus infection. Therefore, in the first part of our work, we have studied if the intramuscular injection of IFN-I expressed plasmid DNA can induce antiviral activity in salmon pre-smolt and provide protection against virus infection. Our work has shown that IFNc but not IFNb and IFNa plasmid induce a strong antiviral activity and protection against ISAV and SAV3. Besides, IFN-I plays an important role in modulating adaptive immune response in mammals, therefore, in the second part of our work, we have studied if type I IFNs might be used as adjuvants in fish DNA vaccines. We have chosen ISAV HE DNA vaccine as the model that co-injected with salmon IFN-I plasmid, and the results of our work show a strong adjuvant effect of all three interferons. Our result is the first time illustrated the adjuvant effect of IFN-I in fish that could be useful for vaccine development.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshippaper I was in part funded by the Regional Research Fund for Northern Norway (grant 212426) and the Aquaculture programme of The Research Council of Norway (grant 185248). paper II was in part funded by the Marine Biotechnology Programme in Tromsø (MABIT) (grant AF0070) paper III was in part funded by the Regional Research Fund for Northern Norway (grant 212426) paper IV was in part funded by the Aquaculture Programme of the Research Council of Norway, grant no. 237315/E40.en_US
dc.descriptionPaper II of this thesis is not available in Munin. <br> Paper II: Chang, C. J., Jenssen, I., Robertsen, B.: "Protection of Atlantic salmon against salmonid alphavirus infection by type I interferons IFNa, IFNb and IFNc." (Manuscript). Published version available in: <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.020> Fish and shellfish immunology 2016 </a>en_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-82-8266-118-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/9513
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:no-uit_munin_9072
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccess
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2016 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Technology: 500::Biotechnology: 590en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Basic biosciences: 470::Molecular biology: 473en_US
dc.subjectFish biologyen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Basic biosciences: 470::General immunology: 478en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Agriculture and fishery disciplines: 900::Fisheries science: 920::Fish health: 923en_US
dc.subjectFish vaccine developmenten_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Molekylærbiologi: 473en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Fiskehelse: 923en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Teknologi: 500::Bioteknologi: 590en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Generell immunologi: 478en_US
dc.subjectInterferon cloningen_US
dc.subjectExpressionen_US
dc.subjectCell cultureen_US
dc.subjectVirus cultureen_US
dc.subjectFish immunologyen_US
dc.subjectType I interferonen_US
dc.subjectAdjuvanten_US
dc.subjectVaccineen_US
dc.titleAtlantic salmon type I interferons: Protection against virus infection in vivo and function as adjuvants in a virus DNA vaccine.en_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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