English
norskInstitutt for farmasi: Recent submissions
Now showing items 121-140 of 656
-
Electrospinning of chloramphenicol-containing nanofibrous dressings for treatment of chronic wounds
(Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2021-03-10)<p><i>Background</i> An efficient treatment is crucial to overcome the delayed healing process and high infection rate in chronic wounds. Nanofibrous dressings, having a nano‐sized fiber structure, can enhance cell ingrowth and support the healing process. In addition, nanofibers can deliver active ingredients e.g. antibiotics into the wound to treat wound infection. By incorporating broad‐spectrum ... -
An introduction to network analysis for studies of medication use
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-29)Background - Network Analysis (NA) is a method that has been used in various disciplines such as Social sciences and Ecology for decades. So far, NA has not been used extensively in studies of medication use. Only a handful of papers have used NA in Drug Prescription Networks (DPN). We provide an introduction to NA terminology alongside a guide to creating and extracting results from the medication ... -
Intervention fidelity and process outcomes of the IMMENSE study, a pharmacist-led interdisciplinary intervention to improve medication safety in older hospitalized patients
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-21)What is known and Objective - The majority of hospitalized older patients experience medication-related problems (MRPs), and there is a call for interventions to solve MRPs and improve clinical outcomes like medical visits. The IMMENSE study is a randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of a pharmacist-led interdisciplinary intervention on emergency medical visits. Its multistep intervention ... -
A high-throughput multiplexing and selection strategy to complete bacterial genomes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-09)Background: Bacterial whole-genome sequencing based on short-read technologies often results in a draft assembly formed by contiguous sequences. The introduction of long-read sequencing technologies permits those contiguous sequences to be unambiguously bridged into complete genomes. However, the elevated costs associated with long-read sequencing frequently limit the number of bacterial isolates ... -
The Norwegian Society for Pharmacoepidemiology
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-16)The Norwegian Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (NFFE) is a multidisciplinary, nation-wide network of professionals involved in the field of pharmacoepidemiology. Pharmacoepidemiology is the science that bridges epidemiologic methodology with clinical pharmacology and clinical pharmacy, for studying the use, effectiveness, value and safety of pharmaceuticals1 . The foundation of NFFE took into ... -
Antibacterial use by birth year and birth season in children 0-2 years in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-16)Introduction: Consumption of antibacterials in children follows seasonal cycles, and time to first treatment depends on birth season. The aim of this study was to describe dispensing rate, one-year periodic prevalence, and age at first prescription in children aged 0-2 years in Norway. Methods: We used data from the Norwegian prescription database and included all dispensed prescriptions on systemic ... -
Integrating the clinical pharmacist into the emergency department interdisciplinary team: a study protocol for a multicentre trial applying a non-randomised stepped-wedge study design
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-25)Introduction - The ‘emergency department (ED) pharmacist’ is an integrated part of the ED interdisciplinary team in many countries, which have shown to improve medication safety and reduce costs related to hospitalisations. In Norway, few EDs are equipped with ED pharmacists, and research describing effects on patients has not been conducted. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of ... -
RESTAMP – Rate estimates by sequence-tag analysis of microbial populations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-19)Microbial division rates determine the speed of mutation accumulation and thus the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Microbial death rates are affected by antibiotic action and the immune system. Therefore, measuring these rates has advanced our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and antibiotic action. Several methods based on marker-loss or few inheritable neutral markers exist that ... -
The chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate selects for antibiotic resistance
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-11)Background: Understanding drivers of antibiotic resistance evolution is fundamental for designing optimal treatment strategies and interventions to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance. Various cytotoxic drugs used in cancer chemotherapy have antibacterial properties, but how bacterial populations are affected by these selective pressures is unknown. Here we test the hypothesis that the widely ... -
Biofilm Responsive Zwitterionic Antimicrobial Nanoparticles to Treat Cutaneous Infection
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-16)To avert the poor bioavailability of antibiotics during S. aureus biofilm infections, a series of zwitterionic nanoparticles containing nucleic acid nanostructures were fabricated for the delivery of vancomycin. The nanoparticles were prepared with three main lipids: (i) neutral (soy phosphatidylcholine; P), (ii) positively charged ionizable (1,2-dioleyloxy-3-dimethylaminopropane; D), and (iii) ... -
The Infectious Dose Shapes Vibrio Cholerae Within-Host Dynamics
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-07)During infection, the rates of pathogen replication, death, and migration affect disease progression, dissemination, transmission, and resistance evolution. Here, we follow the population dynamics of Vibrio cholerae in a mouse model by labeling individual bacteria with one of >500 unique, fitness-neutral genomic tags. Using the changes in tag frequencies and CFU numbers, we inform a mathematical ... -
Salmon louse infestation levels on sea trout can be predicted from a hydrodynamic lice dispersal model
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-13)1. The abundance of the parasitic salmon louse has increased with the growth in aquaculture of salmonids in open net pens. This represents a threat to wild salmonid populations as well as a key limiting factor for salmon farming. The Norwegian ‘traffic light’ management system for salmon farming aims to increase aquaculture production while securing sustainable wild salmonid populations. However, ... -
ERK3 regulates TDP2-mediated DNA damage response and chemoresistance in lung cancer cells
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-12-19)Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, play critical regulatory roles in the assembly of DNA damage response proteins on the DNA damage site and their activities in DNA damage repair. Tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) repairs Topoisomerase 2 (Top2)-linked DNA damage, thereby protecting cancer cells against Top2 inhibitors-induced growth inhibition ... -
Multifunctional Nanofibrous Dressing with Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties Prepared by Needle-Free Electrospinning
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-21)An active wound dressing should address the main goals in wound treatment, which are improved wound healing and reduced infection rates. We developed novel multifunctional nanofibrous wound dressings with three active ingredients: chloramphenicol (CAM), beta-glucan (βG) and chitosan (CHI), of which βG and CHI are active nanofiber-forming biopolymers isolated from the cell walls of Saccharomyces ... -
The Expanded Role of Chitosan in Localized Antimicrobial Therapy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-08)Chitosan is one of the most studied natural origin polymers for biomedical applications. This review focuses on the potential of chitosan in localized antimicrobial therapy to address the challenges of current rising antimicrobial resistance. Due to its mucoadhesiveness, chitosan offers the opportunity to prolong the formulation residence time at mucosal sites; its wound healing properties open ... -
Development of a novel beta-glucan supplemented hydrogel spray formulation and wound healing efficacy in a db/db diabetic mouse model
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-30)To relieve the severe economic and social burdens and patient suffering caused by the increasing incidence of chronic wounds, more effective treatments are urgently needed. In this study, we focused on developing a novel sprayable wound dressing with the active ingredient β-1,3/1,6-glucan (βG). Since βG is already available as the active ingredient in a commercial wound healing product provided as ... -
Emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli causing bloodstream infections in Norway in 2002–17: a nationwide, longitudinal, microbial population genomic study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-10)Background - The clonal diversity underpinning trends in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli causing bloodstream infections remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the contribution of individual clones to resistance over time, using large-scale genomics-based molecular epidemiology.<p> <p>Methods - This was a longitudinal, E coli population, genomic, cohort study that sampled isolates from ... -
Antimicrobial resistance acquisition via natural transformation: context is everything
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-26)Natural transformation is a process where bacterial cells actively take up free DNA from the environment and recombine it into their genome or reconvert it into extra-chromosomal genetic elements. Although this mechanism is known to mediate the uptake of antibiotic resistance determinants in a range of human pathogens, its importance in the spread of antimicrobial resistance is not always appreciated. ... -
Nanomedicines for the topical treatment of vulvovaginal infections: Addressing the challenges of antimicrobial resistance
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-30)Recent years have, surprisingly, witnessed an increase in incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). At the same time, antimicrobial therapy came under the threat of ever rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resulting in STIs with extremely limited therapy options. In this review, we addressed the challenges of treating vaginal infections in an era of AMR. We focused on published work ... -
Electrospun Amphiphilic Nanofibers as Templates for In Situ Preparation of Chloramphenicol-Loaded Liposomes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-20)The hydration of phospholipids, electrospun into polymeric nanofibers and used as templates for liposome formation, offers pharmaceutical advantages as it avoids the storage of liposomes as aqueous dispersions. The objective of the present study was to electrospin and characterize amphiphilic nanofibers as templates for the preparation of antibiotic-loaded liposomes and compare this method with ...
