Institutt for farmasi: Recent submissions

Now showing items 241-260 of 656

    • Transposon-insertion sequencing screens unveil requirements for EHEC growth and intestinal colonization 

      Warr, Alyson R; Hubbard, Troy P; Munera, Diana; Blondel, Carlos J; Abel zur Wiesch, Pia; Abel, Sören; Wang, Xiaoxue; Davis, Brigid M.; Waldor, Matthew K. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-12)
      Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 (EHEC) is an important food-borne pathogen that colonizes the colon. Transposon-insertion sequencing (TIS) was used to identify genes required for EHEC and <i>E. coli</i> K-12 growth <i>in vitro</i> and for EHEC growth <i>in vivo</i> in the infant rabbit colon. Surprisingly, many conserved loci contribute to EHEC’s but not to K-12’s growth <i>in ...

    • Low dose naltrexone: Effects on medication in rheumatoid and seropositive arthritis. A nationwide register-based controlled quasi-experimental before-after study 

      Raknes, Guttorm; Småbrekke, Lars (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-14)
      In recent years, low dose naltrexone (LDN) has been used as an off-label therapy for several chronic diseases. Results from small laboratory and clinical studies indicate some beneficial effects of LDN in autoimmune diseases, but clinical research on LDN in rheumatic disease is limited. Using a pharmacoepidemiological approach, we wanted to test the hypothesis that starting LDN leads to reduced ...

    • Localized Therapy of Vaginal Infections and Inflammation: Liposomes-In-Hydrogel Delivery System for Polyphenols 

      Jøraholmen, May Wenche; Basnet, Purusotam; Tostrup, Mia; Moueffaq, Sabrin; Skalko-Basnet, Natasa (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-27)
      Natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol (RES) or epicatechin (EPI), are attractive for treatments of various diseases, including vaginal infections and inflammation, because of their strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, their low solubility and consequent poor bioavailability limit their therapeutic uses. To overcome these limitations, a vaginal delivery system comprising ...

    • Medication Errors and Safety Culture in a Norwegian Hospital 

      Waaseth, Marit; Ademi, Adelina; Fredheim, Mette; Antonsen, Margaret Aarag; Brox, Nina M Bjæring; Lehnbom, Elin (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Medication errors are associated with adverse health outcomes and may prolong hospital stays and increase societal costs. Safety initiatives to reduce adverse health outcomes should be based on reliable information of current shortcomings. The aim of this study was to identify barriers to medication error reporting in a hospital and to describe heath personnel’s views of the safety culture. Seven ...

    • β-cyclodextrin polymers as cholesterol sequestrating agents 

      Fadeev, Nikolay Olegovich (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-08-19)
      Summary Elevated serum cholesterol blood levels is one of the central risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Lowering blood cholesterol have significant impact on lowering cardiovascular disease events. Inhibiting cholesterol absorption in small intestine can significantly lower serum cholesterol levels and thereby - lower cardiovascular events. Β-cyclodextrin (βCD)-dextran polymer is expected ...

    • Reaction Kinetic Models of Antibiotic Heteroresistance 

      Martinecz, Antal; Clarelli, Fabrizio; Abel, Sören; Abel zur Wiesch, Pia (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-15)
      Bacterial heteroresistance (i.e., the co-existence of several subpopulations with different antibiotic susceptibilities) can delay the clearance of bacteria even with long antibiotic exposure. Some proposed mechanisms have been successfully described with mathematical models of drug-target binding where the mechanism’s downstream of drug-target binding are not explicitly modeled and subsumed in ...

    • Impact of multiple stressors on sea bed fauna in a warming Arctic 

      Jørgensen, Lis Lindal; Primicerio, Raul; Ingvaldsen, Randi Brunvær; Fossheim, Maria; Strelkova, Natalia; Thangstad, Trude Hauge; Manushin, Igor; Zakharov, Denis (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-03)
      The Arctic Barents Sea is experiencing a record temperature increase, a poleward shift in the distributions of commercial fish stocks, and invasion by the snow crab, a new predator. To evaluate benthic community vulnerability when exposed to seawater warming, bottom trawling, and predation from a new predator, we used a trait-based approach and applied this to an extensive dataset of >450 megabenthic ...

    • Ulcerative colitis: Functional analysis of the in-depth proteome 

      Schniers, Armin; Goll, Rasmus; Pasing, Yvonne; Sørbye, Sveinung; Florholmen, Jon; Hansen, Terkel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-29)
      <p><i>Background - </i>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one major form of inflammatory bowel disease. The cause and the pathophysiology of the disease are not fully understood and we therefor aim in this study to identify important pathophysiological features in UC from proteomics data. <p><i>Methods - </i>Colon mucosa biopsies from inflamed tissue of untreated UC patients at diagnosis and from healthy ...

    • Bruk av kosttilskudd blant pasienter over 70 år ved Nordlandssykehuset i Bodø 

      Ramstad, Elise Sørensen (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-14)
      Bruk av kosttilskudd er vanlig i den generelle befolkningen. Kosttilskudd er ikke underlagt de samme lover og reguleringer som legemidler, og det er kjent at kosttilskudd kan gi bivirkninger og interagere med legemidler. Eldre mennesker er en spesielt utsatt gruppe for bivirkninger og interaksjoner. Formålet med studien er å kartlegge bruk av kosttilskudd blant pasienter over 70 år, undersøke om ...

    • Isolation and Characterisation of Halogenated and Bioactive Compounds from Thalassospira sp. and Alteromonas sp. 

      Ali, Nadia Ghazi (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)
      Bacterial natural products have contributed with a large part of the bioactive compounds that lead to drugs, and the biggest portion of the marketed antibiotics are bacterial products or their derivatives. Marine bacteria are not yet investigated to the same extend as their terrestrial counterparts. Therefore, they are considered a promising source for novel bioactive metabolites for drug development, ...

    • Development of a homologous gene replacement approach to study ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolates 

      Valla, Sanne Ekroll (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-15)
      Urinary tract infections are common amongst infectious diseases in humans, and often these infections are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Effective antimicrobial treatment of infections are medical achievements that should not be taken for granted, as antimicrobial resistance has developed and causes treatments to become ineffective. Further, resistance traits can be spread between unrelated ...

    • Reseptpliktige legemidler og samtidig bruk av lavdose naltrekson (LDN) hos pasienter med kronisk inflammatorisk tarmsykdom. En kvasieksperimentell reseptregisterstudie 

      Simonsen, Pia (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-15)
      BAKGRUNN: Naltrekson er en ikke-selektiv opioidantagonist som tradisjonelt brukes til å behandle opioid- og alkoholavhengighet. Lavdose naltrekson (LDN), 3-5 mg/dag, har senere blitt brukt som «off-label» tilleggsbehandling i flere autoimmune sykdommer, inkludert kronisk inflammatorisk tarmsykdom (IBD). FORMÅL: Formålet med denne studien er å undersøke om det er en assosiasjon mellom bruk av LDN og ...

    • Etablering av et system for å studere funksjonelle konsekvenser av kreftspesifikke DDR2 mutasjoner 

      Aburayya, Mahmoud (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-05-20)
      Discoidin domene reseptor 2 (DDR2) er en unik reseptor tyrosinkinase (RTK) som aktiveres av ulike typer kollagen. DDR2 er involvert i regulering av celledifferensiering, remodelering av ekstracellulær matriks, cellemigrasjon, og celleproliferasjon. Nye studier viser at DDR2 er mutert i flere kreftformer, og spesielt lungekreft. Konsekvensen av disse kreftspesifikke mutasjoner er i midlertidig ikke ...

    • Melt processability of amorphous solid dispersions during hot-melt extrusion. Screening using vacuum compression moulding and evaluation by rheology and solid-state analysis 

      Ekblad, Nicklas (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-05-15)
      Soluplus is a suitable excipient for innovative manufacturing techniques such as hot-melt extrusion (HME). While Soluplus is useful for forming amorphous solid dispersions (ASD’s) during HME, the resulting extrudates are often stiff and brittle. In order to achieve suitable dosage forms, with optimal downstream processability, an efficient screening for suitable formulations is required. Vacuum ...

    • A study of Fez1 and Fez2: Localization and knock-out 

      Schäfer, Helene Bekkeli (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-05-11)
      Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process where cell components get digested in autolysosomes and are recycled. Dysregulation of autophagy is involved in major diseases like cancer, neurodegeneration, inflammation and ischemia. In this thesis we have worked with fasciculation and elongation zeta (Fez) proteins, which are reported to inhibit autophagy. There are at least two mammalian Fez proteins, ...

    • Legemiddelgjennomganger ved sykehjem i Nord-Gudbrandsdalen. Kartlegging av legemiddelbruk og legemiddelrelaterte problemer ved fire sykehjem i Nord-Gudbrandsdalen 

      Stadeløkken, Torunn (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-15)
      Bakgrunn og hensikt: Sykehjemspasienter har mange sykdommer som ofte behandles medikamentelt. Polyfarmasi er derfor vanlig og har blitt assosiert med legemiddelrelaterte problemer (LRPer). Norske studier hvor de utførte legemiddelgjennomganger (LMGer) har vist et gjennomsnittlig antall LRPer hos sykehjemspasienter mellom 1,6-5,1. Overordnet hensikt med prosjektet var å belyse hvordan farmasøytisk ...

    • Collateral sensitivity in clinical Escherichia coli isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin and/or mecillinam 

      Hasund, Camilla Remøy (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-16)
      The escalating emergence of AMR is a growing public health concern, and a result of the use and misuse of antibiotics since its introduction. To prevent the development of resistance and preserve the efficacy of antimicrobial agents, new treatment strategies is of utmost importance. One possible approach may be to take advantage of collateral sensitivity, a phenomenon where bacteria acquiring ...

    • Bruk av reseptpliktige legemidler hos pasienter med hypotyreose eller Sjøgrens syndrom som starter med lavdose naltrekson (LDN) 

      Khong, Kim Phung (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-15)
      De siste årene har Lavdose naltrekson (≤ 5 mg/dag) i økende grad blitt brukt som «off label» støttebehandling ved kroniske smerte, fibromyalgi, multippel sklerose, inflammatorisk tarmsykdom Sjøgrens syndrom, hypotyreose og andre autoimmune lidelser. Det er finnes ingen publiserte studier hvor det er undersøkt effekt av LDN ved behandling hos pasienter med hypotyreose eller Sjøgrens syndrom. Formålet ...

    • Identifying signaling pathway responsible for SRC-3 serine 857 phosphorylation. A study in lung cancer cells 

      Kaur, Gurjit (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-05-20)
      Signal transduction mediated by protein kinases and phosphatases is complex and highly coordinated. The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key components that transduce extracellular stimuli to biological responses by a three-tier module. The biological functions of steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3), a coactivator of nuclear hormone receptors and numerous transcription factors, is ...

    • Administrasjonskostnader for ulike formuleringer av rituksimab og trastuzumab i norske helseforetak. En kvalitativ studie 

      Tran, Linda Che (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)
      Introduksjon: Kreftklinikken ved Oslo Universitetssykehus (OUS) har estimert administrasjonskostnader for intravenøs infusjon (IV) og subkutan injeksjon (SC) og Sykehusinnkjøp LIS har brukt disse estimatene for å vise at bruk av IV framfor SC av rituksimab og trastuzmab vil være mer kostnadseffektivt. Det er ukjent om disse estimatene er representative for andre helseforetak. Hensikt: Det primære ...