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norskInstitutt for farmasi: Nye registreringer
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Genetic dominance governs the evolution and spread of mobile genetic elements in bacteria
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-22)Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids, promote bacterial evolution through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). However, the rules governing the repertoire of traits encoded on MGEs remain unclear. In this study, we uncovered the central role of genetic dominance shaping genetic cargo in MGEs, using antibiotic resistance as a model system. MGEs are typically present in more than one copy per ... -
Selection or drift: The population biology underlying transposon insertion sequencing experiments
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03-25)<p>Transposon insertion sequencing methods such as Tn-seq revolutionized microbiology by allowing the identification of genomic loci that are critical for viability in a specific environment on a genome-wide scale. While powerful, transposon insertion sequencing suffers from limited reproducibility when different analysis methods are compared. From the perspective of population biology, this may be ... -
All non-adherence is equal, but is some more equal than others? TB in the digital era
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-02)Adherence to treatment for tuberculosis (TB) has been a concern for many decades, resulting in the World Health Organization's recommendation of the direct observation of treatment in the 1990s. Recent advances in digital adherence technologies (DATs) have renewed discussion on how to best address nonadherence, as well as offering important information on dose-by-dose adherence patterns and their ... -
Phosphorylation of steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) at serine 857 is regulated by the p38 MAPK-MK2 axis and affects NF-κB-mediated transcription
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-09)Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) regulates the activity of both nuclear hormone receptors and a number of key transcription factors. It is implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, inflammation and in the progression of several common cancers including breast, colorectal and lung tumors. Phosphorylation is an important regulatory event controlling the activities of SRC-3. Serine 857 ... -
Drug-target binding quantitatively predicts optimal antibiotic dose levels in quinolones
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-14)Antibiotic resistance is rising and we urgently need to gain a better quantitative understanding of how antibiotics act, which in turn would also speed up the development of new antibiotics. Here, we describe a computational model (COMBAT-COmputational Model of Bacterial Antibiotic Target-binding) that can quantitatively predict antibiotic dose-response relationships. Our goal is dual: We address a ... -
Plasmid Interactions Can Improve Plasmid Persistence in Bacterial Populations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-31)It is difficult to understand plasmid maintenance in the absence of selection and theoretical models predict the conditions for plasmid persistence to be limited. Plasmid-associated fitness costs decrease bacterial competitivity, while imperfect partition allows the emergence of plasmid-free cells during cell division. Although plasmid conjugative transfer allows mobility into plasmid-free cells, ... -
Multi-scale modeling of drug binding kinetics to predict drug efficacy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-25)Optimizing drug therapies for any disease requires a solid understanding of pharmacokinetics (the drug concentration at a given time point in different body compartments) and pharmacodynamics (the effect a drug has at a given concentration). Mathematical models are frequently used to infer drug concentrations over time based on infrequent sampling and/or in inaccessible body compartments. Models are ... -
Plasmid Interactions Can Improve Plasmid Persistence in Bacterial Populations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-31)It is difficult to understand plasmid maintenance in the absence of selection and theoretical models predict the conditions for plasmid persistence to be limited. Plasmid-associated fitness costs decrease bacterial competitivity, while imperfect partition allows the emergence of plasmid-free cells during cell division. Although plasmid conjugative transfer allows mobility into plasmid-free cells, ... -
Dominance between plasmids determines the extent of biofilm formation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-26)Bacterial biofilms have an impact in medical and industrial environments because they often confer protection to bacteria against harmful agents, and constitute a source from which microorganisms can disperse. Conjugative plasmids can enhance bacterial ability to form biofilms because conjugative pili act as adhesion factors. However, plasmids may interact with each other, either facilitating or ... -
Quantification of endogenous steroid sulfates and glucuronides in human urine after intramuscular administration of testosterone esters
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-02-22)For an effective detection of doping with pseudo-endogenous anabolic steroids, the urinary steroid profile is of high value. In this work, the aim was to investigate steroid metabolism disruption after exogenous intramuscular administration of different testosterone esters. The investigation focused on both sulfo – and glucoro conjugated androgens. A single intramuscular injection of either 1000 mg ... -
Development and validation of a simple online-SPE method coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of stanozolol-N-glucuronides in urine samples
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-17)Stanozolol is still the most commonly used illicit anabolic‐androgenic steroid (AAS) in professional sports. Therefore, accurate and fast analysis and long detection windows are of great interest in the field of antidoping analysis. In this work, a very simple, fast, and highly sensitive online solid‐phase extraction method coupled with liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry ... -
No change in the consumption of thyroid hormones after starting low dose naltrexone (LDN): A quasi-experimental before-after study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-01)<i>Background</i> - Low dose naltrexone (LDN) is reported to have beneficial effects in several autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine whether starting LDN was followed by changes in the dispensing of thyroid hormones to patients with hypothyroidism.<p> <p><i>Methods</i> - We performed a quasi-experimental before-after study based on the Norwegian Prescription Database. ... -
Perfluoroalkyl acids potentiate glutamate excitotoxicity in rat cerebellar granule neurons
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-04)Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent man-made chemicals, ubiquitous in nature and present in human samples. Although restrictions are being introduced, they are still used in industrial processes as well as in consumer products. PFAAs cross the blood-brain-barrier and have been observed to induce adverse neurobehavioural effects in humans and animals as well as adverse effects in neuronal in ... -
Implications of GM crops in subsistence-based agricultural systems in Africa
(Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2013)<p>Africa has deep contentions on the use of GM crops in agriculture, similar to those found in Europe and elsewhere. However, it is apparent that the debate is most protracted on the continent with two entrenched viewpoints i.e. the pro-GMO and anti-GMO groups. The challenge for an acceptable consensus is attributable to a complexity of issues relative to the introduction of GM maize into small-scale ... -
Co-existence challenges in small-scale farming when farmers share and save seeds
(Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2013)Gene flow by means of pollen and seeds in maize influences local, regional and global maize biodiversity. Developing countries are centers of diversity for maize and preserve seeds also in informal seed systems. Particularly in poor communities, seed saving and sharing often co-occur with farming on small fields. We present preliminary investigations from a small-scale maize farming community, in ... -
A Quantitative Analysis of Colonic Mucosal Oxylipins and Endocannabinoids in Treatment-Naïve and Deep Remission Ulcerative Colitis Patients and the Potential Link With Cytokine Gene Expression
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-22)<p><i>Background</i> - The bioactive metabolites of omega 3 and omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 and ω-6) are known as oxylipins and endocannabinoids (eCBs). These lipid metabolites are involved in prompting and resolving the inflammatory response that leads to the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to quantify these bioactive lipids in the colonic mucosa and to ... -
Timing is everything: Survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar postsmolts during events of high salmon lice densities
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-07)<ol> <li>Atlantic salmon in aquaculture act as reservoir hosts and vectors of parasites like salmon lice and this parasite is shown to harm wild salmonid populations.</li> <li>In this study, <i>n</i> = 29,817 tagged Atlantic salmon were studied in four release trials. Half of the released fish were given prophylactic treatment against lice, the other half represented sham control fish. We used ... -
Nucleic acids hybrids as advanced antibacterial nanocarriers
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-08)Conventional antibiotic therapy is often challenged by poor drug penetration/accumulation at infection sites and poses a significant burden to public health. Effective strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of our existing arsenal include the use of nanoparticulate delivery platforms to improve drug targeting and minimize adverse effects. However, these nanocarriers are often challenged by ... -
Silica Nanoparticles - A Versatile Tool for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-15)The rapid emergence of drug resistance continues to outpace the development of new antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases. Conventional therapy is currently limited by drug access issues such as low intracellular drug accumulations, drug efflux by efflux pumps and/or enzymatic degradation. To improve access, targeted delivery using nanocarriers could provide the quantum leap in intracellular ... -
Following the fate of dye-containing liposomes in vitro
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-09)The rather limited success of translation from basic research to clinical application has been highlighted as a major issue in the nanomedicine field. To identify the factors influencing the applicability of nanosystems as drug carriers and potential nanomedicine, we focused on following their fate through fluorescence-based assays, namely flow cytometry and imaging. These methods are often used to ...
