Democratisation, Political Inclusion, and Systemic Justice: The Effects of Youth Movements on Social and Political Change in Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines the effects of youth movements on social and political change in Nigeria, using the student movement in the 1980s/90s, the #NotTooYoungToRun movement (2016–date), and the #EndSARS movement (2017–2020) as case studies. Eight activists actively involved in these movements were interviewed, and the interview findings were complemented with data from various secondary sources, including the academic literature, social media posts, civil society publications, and media reports. Using a social constructionist lens and leveraging the theories of framing and political opportunity structure, the study found that, despite wider structural issues, youth movements have driven change in relation to democratisation, political inclusion, and systemic justice. In the process of driving these changes, youth consciousness has also increased. The study highlights the collective power of Nigerian youth and emphasises the need for sustained efforts to drive more substantive changes in the country. On a broader level, the study also shows how young people organise to effect change, fighting against state violations and pushing for the realisation of their human rights. These insights are valuable for activists, researchers, policymakers, and all those interested in advancing human rights.