The root of extraction: understanding prison labor through the lens of human dignity

Abstract

This study explores the compatibility of prison labor with human dignity by synthesizing and critically reflecting on existing research on the topic. Evaluating work in incarceration through the perspective of a core, foundational value such as human dignity allows us to consider whether it is a reality irredeemably linked to abuse or coercion, as it is frequently portrayed, or whether there may be instances when engaging in work behind bars can be compatible with fundamental human rights and contribute to an imprisoned person’s positive sense of self-worth, personal identity, and social rehabilitation. The aim of this dissertation is to map the current state of the art in the literature on carceral work and human dignity, establishing a solid foundation upon which to build further research. The literature collected through a systematic process of research was reviewed and integrated into a broader theoretical analysis that accounted for two complementary understandings of dignity: dignity as an intrinsic and unconditional value common to human beings as part of humanity (as developed by Kant) and dignity as a property that is dependent on the material world, and which must be fulfilled and promoted by political action, i.e., the ability to live a dignified life. The project demonstrated that penal work, in abstract, is not necessarily antithetical to human dignity; however, its current practices, which entail, for example, meager or nonexistent wages, or the seclusion, hyper-surveillance, discrimination, and abuse of incarcerated laborers deprive prisoners of their autonomy, agency and well-being, and therefore cannot be considered congruent with human dignity. The study also concluded that penal work is an under-researched, albeit prevalent, reality, and further research is needed, particularly to expand our knowledge on the functioning of carceral facilities in wider geographical areas, and to stretch the angles of academic reflection on the subject, including on the nature of the prison itself.