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dc.contributor.authorNordström, Erik-Edwin Leonard
dc.contributor.authorKaltiala, Riittakerttu
dc.contributor.authorKristensen, Pål
dc.contributor.authorThimm, Jens
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-05T08:50:40Z
dc.date.available2024-09-05T08:50:40Z
dc.date.issued2024-01-12
dc.description.abstractBackground: Levels of prolonged grief symptoms (PGS) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) can be high, many years following bereavement after terror, but knowledge concerning somatic health is scarce. Terrorism is a serious public health challenge, and increased knowledge about long-term somatic symptoms and insomnia is essential for establishing follow-up interventions after terrorism bereavement.<p> <p>Objective: To study the prevalence of somatic symptoms and insomnia and their association with PGS, PTSS, and functional impairment among terrorism-bereaved parents and siblings. <p>Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study included 122 bereaved individuals from the Utøya terror attack in Norway in 2011. The sample comprised 88 parents and 34 siblings aged 19 years and above (M<sub>age</sub> = 49.7 years, SD<sub>age</sub> = 13.8 years, 59.8% females). The participants completed questionnaires 8 years after the attack assessing somatic symptoms (Children’s Somatic Symptoms Inventory) and insomnia (Bergen Insomnia Scale) along with measures of PGS (Inventory of Complicated Grief), PTSS (Impact of Event Scale–Revised), and functional impairment (Work and Social Adjustment Scale). <p>Results: Fatigue was the most frequently reported somatic symptom (88% of females and 65% of males). Females reported statistically significantly more somatic symptoms than males. In total, 68% of the bereaved individuals scored above the cut-off for insomnia. There were no statistically significant gender differences for insomnia. Female gender, intrusion, and arousal were associated with somatic symptoms. Intrusion and somatic symptoms were associated with insomnia. Somatic symptoms, avoidance, and hyperarousal were associated with functional impairment. <p>Conclusion: Many bereaved parents and siblings report somatic symptoms and insomnia eight years after the terror attack. Somatic symptoms are associated with functional impairment. Long-term follow-up and support after traumatic bereavement should focus on somatic symptoms and insomnia.en_US
dc.identifier.citationNordström, Kaltiala, Kristensen, Thimm. Somatic symptoms and insomnia among bereaved parents and siblings eight years after the Utøya terror attack. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2024;15(1)en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 2245526
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/20008066.2023.2300585
dc.identifier.issn2000-8066
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/34525
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherTaylor & Francisen_US
dc.relation.journalEuropean Journal of Psychotraumatology
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2024 The Author(s)en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)en_US
dc.title.alternativeSíntomas somáticos e insomnio en padres y hermanos en duelo ocho años después del ataque terrorista de Utøyaen_US
dc.titleSomatic symptoms and insomnia among bereaved parents and siblings eight years after the Utøya terror attacken_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
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