Enforcement challenges of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships in the territorial sea

Abstract

The use of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships is expected to become more prevalent in the near future. However, the legal order for these vessels is currently unclear. This thesis explores the issues related to enforcement of coastal State and flag State jurisdiction on MASS. This is done in relation to the territorial sea and the regime of innocent passage, with the legal basis being the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and its provisions. Some of the topics that are discussed include ship regulations, the use of force and overlapping jurisdictions. Possible solutions to the legal uncertainty in regards to MASS are also provided.