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Shaping the Perception of Risk: Investigating a Paradigmatic Case of Applied Decision Making under Uncertainty
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-15)Risk and uncertainty characterise most human endeavours. Whether judging risk when buying a house, making a career change, considering marriage, or simply ordering food at an unfamiliar restaurant, each decision involves evaluating the available evidence to infer the likelihood of negative outcomes. Such decisions are often marked by uncertainty, the condition of incomplete knowledge about the ... -
Kunnskapsoppsummering og klassifisering av tiltaket: MOT-programmet Robust ungdom 12–16 (1. utg)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-21)BAKGRUNN - MOT Robust ungdom 12–16 er et universelt forebyggende og helsefremmende tiltak rettet mot ungdom i alderen 12–16 år. Målet er å utvikle varmere å tryggere samfunn gjennom å utvikle robuste ungdommer som inkluderer alle. Tiltaket består av tolv klassebesøk over alle årene i ungdomsskolen der ulike tema behandles og gjennomgås etter en fast plan. I tillegg forekommer det andre miljøskapende ... -
Does homeschooling fit students with school attendance problems? Exploring teachers’ experiences during COVID-19
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-26)Attending school on a regular basis and completing school is usually seen as a precondition for students’ academic, emotional, and social learning and development. However, some students struggle with school attendance problems (SAPs) for a myriad of reasons. Homeschooling is a topic of concern in long-term or problematic SAP cases. Some scholars claim that school absenteeism might increase and be ... -
Socioeconomic status and risk of incident venous thromboembolism
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-09)Background: Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and socioeconomic status (SES) affects human health and health behavior, few studies have examined the association between SES and VTE. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between SES, assessed individually and in a composite score by levels of education, income, and employment status, and ... -
Here, there, and everywhere: Applying vignettes to investigate appraisals of job demands
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-21)The job characteristics literature has revealed that job demands can be differentiated into hindrance and challenge demands. However, there has been little consensus on this categorization. Additionally, studies have revealed that job demands can be perceived as hindering and challenging at the same time. The present study aims to bring nuance to this topic by investigating two job demands (i.e., ... -
Older Adults Living in Sheltered Housing’s Experiences of Involvement in Pro Re Nata Decisions. A Narrative Positioning Analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-22)Decisions regarding pro re nata medications might be challenging due to the complex nature of the practice. The aim of this study was to expand our understanding of the experiences of older people living in sheltered housings with regard to shared decision-making concerning pro re nata medications. In this study, we conducted in-depth interviews with residents living in Norwegian sheltered housings. ... -
Medication therapy and treatment goal achievement among persons with coronary heart disease in a general population - Guideline adherence, medication adherence and validation of medication use
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-13)<p><i>Aim -</i> To assess the adherence to medication therapy for secondary prevention and achievement of treatment goals in persons with coronary heart disease (CHD) in a general population. <p><i>Methods -</i> This project used data from the seventh wave of the Tromsø Study, alone and linked with data from the Norwegian Prescription database (NorPD). Participants self-reporting CHD were included ... -
Obesity measures, metabolic health and their association with 15-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the SAMINOR 1 Survey: a population-based cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-21)Background - The mortality of metabolic-obesity phenotypes has been thoroughly studied, but it is not known if or how the association between mortality and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference or a body shape index (ABSI) differ in strata of cardiometabolic health status.<p> <p>Methods - We linked data on 12,815 men and women aged 36–79 years from the SAMINOR 1 Survey with mortality data ... -
Prediction of Eye Colour in Scandinavians Using the EyeColour 11 (EC11) SNP Set
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-27)Description of a perpetrator’s eye colour can be an important investigative lead in a forensic case with no apparent suspects. Herein, we present 11 SNPs (Eye Colour 11-EC11) that are important for eye colour prediction and eye colour prediction models for a two-category reporting system (blue and brown) and a three-category system (blue, intermediate, and brown). The EC11 SNPs were carefully selected ... -
Shotgun-metagenomics based prediction of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus from periprosthetic tissue on blood culture bottles
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-21)Shotgun-metagenomics may give valuable clinical information beyond the detection of potential pathogen(s). Identification of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), virulence genes and typing directly from clinical samples has been limited due to challenges arising from incomplete genome coverage. We assessed the performance of shotgun-metagenomics on positive blood culture bottles (n = 19) with periprosthetic ... -
Ny ME-veileder innebærer en kursendring i behandlingen av kroniske utmattelsestilstander
(Chronicle; Kronikk, 2021)National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) har nylig publisert nye retningslinjer for behandling av langvarige medisinsk uforklarte utmattelsestilstander som myalgisk encefalopati (ME) og kronisk utmattelsessyndrom (CFS). Retningslinjene innebærer en relativt stor kursendring, blant annet er den tidligere vektleggingen av fysisk trening og mentale mestringsstrategier erstattet av råd ... -
Erfaringer med økonomiske støtteordninger for tannbehandling hos personer som er behandlet for hode-halskreft
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11)Medlemmer i Munn- og halskreftforeningen mottok et spørreskjema for å kartlegge erfaringer med økonomiske refusjonsordninger for tannbehandling og kostnader til tannbehandling hos personer som er behandlet for hode-halskreft i Norge. I tillegg kartla vi utviklingen i Folketrygdens honorartakster for tannbehandling i perioden 2015-2020, og sammenlignet honorartakstene for 2021 med takstene for ... -
Substituting facial movements in singers changes the sounds of musical intervals
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-17)Cross-modal integration is ubiquitous within perception and, in humans, the McGurk effect demonstrates that seeing a person articulating speech can change what we hear into a new auditory percept. It remains unclear whether cross-modal integration of sight and sound generalizes to other visible vocal articulations like those made by singers. We surmise that perceptual integrative effects should ... -
Development of a novel beta-glucan supplemented hydrogel spray formulation and wound healing efficacy in a db/db diabetic mouse model
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-30)To relieve the severe economic and social burdens and patient suffering caused by the increasing incidence of chronic wounds, more effective treatments are urgently needed. In this study, we focused on developing a novel sprayable wound dressing with the active ingredient β-1,3/1,6-glucan (βG). Since βG is already available as the active ingredient in a commercial wound healing product provided as ... -
Studying accelerated cardiovascular ageing in Russian adults through a novel deep-learning ECG biomarker
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-25)Background: A non-invasive, easy-to-access marker of accelerated cardiac ageing would provide novel insights into the mechanisms and aetiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as contribute to risk stratification of those who have not had a heart or circulatory event. Our hypothesis is that differences between an ECG-predicted and chronologic age of participants (δage) would reflect accelerated ... -
Rewarming With Closed Thoracic Lavage Following 3-h CPR at 27°C Failed to Reestablish a Perfusing Rhythm
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-29)Introduction: Previously, we showed that the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for hypothermic cardiac arrest (HCA) maintained cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) to the same reduced level during normothermia (38°C) vs. hypothermia (27°C). In addition, at 27°C, the CPR for 3-h provided global O2 delivery (DO2) to support aerobic metabolism. The present study investigated if rewarming ... -
Liberal versus Modified Intraoperative Fluid Management in Abdominal-flap Breast Reconstructions. A Clinical Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09)Background: The outcome of reconstructive microsurgery is influenced by the intraoperative anesthetic regimen. The aim of this study was to compare the impact on the intra- and postoperative complication rates of our modified fluid management (MFM) protocol with a previously used liberal fluid management protocol in abdominal-flap breast reconstructions.<p> <p>Methods: This retrospective study ... -
Who keeps on working? The importance of resilience for labour market participation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021)Background<p> <p>It is widely recognized that individuals’ health and educational attainments, commonly referred to as their human capital, are important determinants for their labour market participation (LMP). What is less recognised is the influence of individuals’ latent resilience traits on their ability to sustain LMP after experiencing an adversity such as a health shock.<p> Aim<p> We ... -
Knowledge versus education in the margins: An indigenous and feminist critique of education
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-11) -
Female Mice Reaching Exceptionally High Old Age Have Preserved 20S Proteasome Activities
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-31)Oxidized, damaged and misfolded proteins accumulate during aging and contribute to impaired cell function and tissue homeodynamics. Damaged proteins are degraded by cellular clearance mechanisms like the 20S proteasome. Aging relates to low 20S proteasome function, whereas long-lived species show high levels. However, contradictory results exist depending on the tissue or cell type and it is ...
