This thesis investigates the willingness of firms to cooperate on Research and Development (R&D). I present three papers concerning incentives to share/exchange knowledge created by the firms’ own R&D. It is my hope that this thesis can give some clues of how sharing and exchange of knowledge can contribute to an already large literature on Research and Development.

Even though the oceans occupy more than 70% of the earth’s surface and 95% of the biosphere (National Research Council, 2001), marine habitats have undergone a substantial decline over the last few decades, and most of which is attributable to fishing. In this regard, marine reserves or marine protected areas (MPAs) are proposed as tools to relieve stresses on marine resources and ecosystems. Despite ...

Purpose: In light of the increasing numbers of overweight children observed today who follow inadequate diets, this dissertation mainly explored how children are socialised as food consumers. An additional purpose was to explore the advantages of using participatory photo interviews while researching children’s attitudes and behavioural patterns with respect to two food contexts, namely, lunch in ...

<p>To mitigate climate change and ecological degradation, societies must change how they produce and consume food. In 2013, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) highlighted the need to use alternative food sources to reach a more sustainable food system. In this context, seaweed has excellent potential as its production does not need fertilizers and does not engender ...

Uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) into the world’s oceans is increasing seawater acidity in a process termed ocean acidification. This is predicted to have harmful effects on a variety of marine organisms. With the greatest and fastest changes in pH expected to occur the Arctic seas over the next 100 years, the need for understanding the effects of low pH on Arctic marine organisms is ...

The red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) was deliberately introduced to the Barents Sea by Russian scientists during the 1960s, with the purpose to improve coastal fishery and thus improve the local economy. Since the red king crab was caught for the first time in the Varangerfjorden area, the stock has increased in abundance and expanded westward inhabiting coastal areas along the coast of ...

The empirical investigation of fishers’ harvest behavior is an important but neglected strand of fishery science. In this thesis, we fill some of this gap by developing empirical models to investigate trawlers’ harvest behavior over time and space in codfish fisheries, managed using individual vessel quotas (IVQs). Fishers’ harvest behavior is reflected in the decision-making processes underlying ...

Hva er en fisker? Dette er det sentrale spørsmålet i denne avhandlinga. Spørsmålet er utgangspunkt for å utforske endringsprosesser i fiskerinæringa, både i fortida og i samtida. På bakgrunn av dette drøfter avhandlinga hvilke oppfatninger, forståelser og beskrivelser som til enhver tid benyttes til å definere hva fiskere er i ulike sammenhenger. Undersøkelsen starter i det som kan kalles ...

The thesis consists of five papers and a synopsis, and outlines theoretical concepts and practical considerations when implementing traceability in food supply chains. The term traceability and the components of a traceability system are discussed and defined, a method for describing and analysing material flow, information flow, and information loss is outlined, and numerous practical implementations ...

The motivation for macroalgal cultivation is to meet the global demand for food, energy and biomaterials for a rapidly growing human population in the context of the challenges of limited terrestrial food resources. Over the last 20 years the interest in seaweed cultivation has increased in European countries, and the kelp <i>Saccharina latissima</i> is one of the best-suited species for cultivation ...