The thesis gives an introduction to natural product drug discovery and the underlying chemical principles that make natural products privileged structures for drug discovery. Paper I deals with the isolation of Lipid 430 from cultures of two <i>Algibacter</i> sp. isolates and the investigation of their anti-proliferative and anti-bacterial effect. Paper II describes the isolation of Serratiochelin ...

Nature provides people with a wide range of benefits, also known as nature’s contributions to people (NCP). The NCP framework evolved from the Ecosystem services (ES) concept as a response to the critiques and misconceptions associated with ES over the last years. Broadening ES valuations that have been dominated by economic valuations, the NCP framework emphasizes a pluralistic approach to valuation ...

Demersal trawl fisheries play an important role in providing income and protein to the people of the Southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO). These fisheries are very destructive to the habitats in which they operate and have an impact on the associated biodiversity. Three crustacean species, knife prawn (<i>Haliporoides triarthrus</i>), African langoustine (<i>Metanephrops mozambicus</i>) and pink geryon ...

This thesis explores the potential of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) from lakes as a tool for studying past communities. First it sets out to determine what taxa in the environment are most likely to be detected in lake sediments. For this, vegetation surveys were carried out around eleven different lakes in Norway and the taxa detected based on plant metabarcoding of the lake sediments were ...

<p>This thesis provides an overview of recent selectivity studies conducted in eastern North Pacific trawl fisheries (e.g., West Coast groundfish bottom trawl fishery, Pacific hake [<i>Merluccius productus</i>] fishery, and ocean shrimp [<i>Pandalus jordani</i>] fishery). Collectively, these fisheries play a significant role in supporting fishing jobs, income, and coastal communities. However, bycatch ...

<p>During the last deglaciation, one clade of European whitefish (<i>Coregonus lavaretus</i> L.) colonized the lakes in the three contemporary watercourses of northern Fennoscandia (Pasvik, Tana and Alta) and diverged thereafter in sympatry. This thesis investigates the interplay between evolutionary processes and standing genetic variation in shaping phenotypic and genetic divergence, and how ...

Marine bryozoans is a prolific source of structurally diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. However, the total number of natural products isolated from marine bryozoans is limited, The present study was focused on isolation and characterization of new compounds from Arctic marine bryozoans. The novel compounds were isolated by using two different approaches. For bioassay-guided isolation, fractions ...

The thesis consists of five papers and a synopsis, and outlines theoretical concepts and practical considerations when implementing traceability in food supply chains. The term traceability and the components of a traceability system are discussed and defined, a method for describing and analysing material flow, information flow, and information loss is outlined, and numerous practical implementations ...

Social-ecological systems (SES) consist of a social and an ecological system that are linked through a complex interplay of social and ecological processes. SES can be studied through SES research, which has become increasingly important because it is thought that it can potentially address and solve many societal challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity, and habitat degradation. SES ...

Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is a holistic approach for nature management that aims at achieving the good health and sustainable use of ecosystems. It is a complex and challenging concept: understanding ecosystems and human impacts upon them is complicated, there are demanding needs for collaboration and harmonisation of approaches and policies, and many conflicting interests must be balanced. ...