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Novel Molecular Characteristics of Ulcerative Colitis
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-01-10)Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease and one type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). UC is characterized by a temporal course of remission and relapse. Environmental factors, immune system dysregulation, and genetic susceptibility interact intricately in the aetiology of UC. It is unclear how interactions involving non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), epigenetic modifications, ... -
Prevalence of obesity and its associations with other cardiovascular risk factors in Russia. Insights from the Know Your Heart Study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-12-16)<p><i>Background.</i> The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Obesity is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and predisposes to hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and dyslipidemia. The simultaneous presence of visceral adiposity and these cardiometabolic disorders, also known as the metabolic syndrome, accelerates atherosclerotic ... -
COVID-19 morbidity, severity, and mortality in a population-based sample of adults in Arkhangelsk, Northwest Russia
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-12-12)<p><i>Objective</i> To investigate seroprevalence, spectrum of COVID-19 cases and factors associated with COVID-19 morbidity, severity, and mortality in a population-based sample of adults in Arkhangelsk, Northwest Russia. <p><i>Methods</i> Participants in the Know Your Heart study (2015-2017) were enrolled in a COVID-19 seroprevalence study (n=1348) in 2021 and followed up for COVID-19 diagnosis, ... -
Who skis where, when?
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-12-12)<p>Backcountry skiing has emerged as a so-called adventure sport in recent decades and has had a considerable social and economic impact in Northern Norway. Tourism, Norway's fifth-largest export industry, is experiencing significant growth and is especially important for small communities. However, recreation in avalanche terrain comes at a cost due to the risk of avalanches. Consequently, any ... -
FKRP-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9 in Norway – Studies of epidemiology, natural history, and relationships with health-related quality of life and sleep
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-12-06)<p><i>Background/aims:</i> Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9 (LGMDR9) is a rare autosomal recessive muscle disease caused by mutations in the fukutin-related protein gene, FKRP. The prevalence is higher in northern European populations, where it is closely associated with the FKRP c.826CA allele. This work aims to study the epidemiology of LGMDR9 in Norway, natural history, and relationships with ... -
Functionally impaired children and their caregivers: A study in a clinical neuropaediatric setting on validity and usefulness of screening instruments completed by caregivers, and caregivers' satisfaction with neuropaediatric assessment
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-12-06)This dissertation is based on a naturalistic multicentre study in the context of an interdisciplinary assessment in neuropediatric clinics. The main objective was to expand knowledge about this assessment, focusing primarily on the role of screening instruments completed by caregivers and their satisfaction with the assessment. The validity and usefulness of screening tools for parental mental health ... -
The Tumor Immune Microenvironment as a Regulator of Oral Cancer Progression
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-12-05)Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a growing global health concern, particularly among the younger population. The immune system plays an important role in tumor progression and a high density of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes is linked to improved patient prognosis and therapy response. Tumor-associated high endothelial venules (TA-HEVs) facilitate lymphocyte entry into tumors via the ... -
A conceptual model for implementing pharmacist services in primary care settings. Exploring a novel healthcare service in a Norwegian Home Care Setting
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-12-06)<p><i>Background:</i> Global aging increases the number of frail and multi-morbid patients, thereby raising the total volume of healthcare consultations. Furthermore, people aged 65 and over are more prone to medication errors and adverse drug events. This situation strains resources in healthcare settings and poses a challenge to healthcare systems and healthcare workers. To meet these challenges, ... -
Microbial evolution in biofilms
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-12-06)Formation of biofilms is an important adaptive strategy that bacteria employ to endure challenging conditions. This thesis delves into the evolution of the pathogen <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> in biofilms with a focus on biofilm adaptation, c-di-GMP signaling and β-lactamase evolution. Paper 1 improved upon the genome of <i>V. cholerae</i> C6706 and linked every open reading frame to the current reference ... -
Renal Sympathetic Denervation. Quality of Life, Hypertensive Heart Disease and Biomarker Discovery
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-12-05)Hypertension, which affects about one-third of adults worldwide, is a leading cause of heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Despite the known benefits of lowering blood pressure, control remains inadequate worldwide. Only half of those with hypertension are aware of their condition, and even fewer receive adequate treatment. Among those treated, many do not achieve target blood pressure levels. ... -
Differences in risk of venous thromboembolism in men and women
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-11-22)Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common and potentially deadly disease that affects men and women, but studies on sex-specific risk have been inconsistent. Some studies have reported a higher risk in men, others in women. It has also been suggested that men have a higher inherent risk of VTE than women when reproductive factors (pregnancy and estrogen use) are accounted for. Furthermore, the ... -
Mental Health Problems, General Health and Dropout in Upper Secondary School in Northern Norway: A prospective cohort study and a qualitative exploration of the dropout process
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-11-22)Health and socioeconomic inequalities are heavily correlated, and poor mental health increases the risk of exclusion from the labour market. Education is important to equalize the socioeconomic gradient, and completing upper secondary school is essential. The high dropout rates in upper secondary school are therefore of high concern. The main project “Ung vilje” was a prospective cohort study started ... -
Neonatal risk factors for hearing impairment
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-11-01)Hearing impairment (HI) is a prevalent childhood disability with significant public health implications, impacting language and developmental outcomes if not early identified and managed. While illness in the neonatal period is a recognized risk factor for HI, less is known about the specific impacts of the different, and often interrelated morbidities and invasive treatments in neonatal intensive ... -
Maternal death and maternal morbidity in Georgia
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-10-25)Maternal death (MD) and morbidity are indicators for maternal health and healthcare system development. This PhD project aimed to investigate MD, maternal morbidity, and related risk factors in Georgia using data from the Georgian Birth Registry (GBR) and digital health surveillance systems. Paper I, with a case series design, identified direct and indirect causes of MD from 2014 to 2017. Paper ... -
Child-Inclusive Mandatory Family Mediation in Norway: A sociocultural exploration of children’s participation
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-10-11)<p><i>Introduction:</i> Family mediation should help separating parents make agreements that attend to the best interest of the child. Children can be included in this process. The aim of this dissertation is to explore the practise of child-inclusive family mediation in Norway on three interdependent planes: a personal, an interpersonal, and a cultural and institutional plane. These planes follow ... -
Nordic diet and mortality: The Norwegian Women and Cancer study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-10-10)<p><i>Background:</i> Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are predominant causes of mortality in Norwegian women. With a national goal to reduce premature mortality from NCDs by 33% by 2030, Norway is also committed to achieving Sustainable Development Goals, including those related to climate change. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) emphasizes ... -
Group-based mentoring in undergraduate medical education
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-09-27)This thesis focuses on group mentorship for undergraduate medical students as a pivotal element in fostering a supportive and collaborative learning environment, essential for the complex field of medicine. Previous studies have mostly focused on one-on-one mentoring. Group mentorships can foster a collaborative and reflective environment in which students can benefit from the collective knowledge ... -
Treatment and prevention of neonatal sepsis
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-09-20)Worldwide, the incidence of neonatal sepsis is estimated at around 3000 cases per 100,000 live births, accompanied by a mortality rate of 17.6%. Group B streptococcus (GBS) is globally the leading cause of newborn infections. The global burden of neonatal sepsis and invasive GBS disease is skewed towards the low-income countries, but the outcome of invasive GBS disease with massive inflammation can ... -
Adhesion mechanisms and bacteriocins in Staphylococcus haemolyticus - New targets for the prevention and treatment of infections
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-09-13)<i>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</i> er ein bakterie med mange eigenskapar. Han finst naturleg i mikrobiotaen vår, men kan også vere opportunistisk patogen. Evna til å danne biofilm, unngå immunsystemet og motstå antibiotikabehandling gjer at behandling er utfordrande. Målet med avhandlinga var å utvide forståinga av virulensfaktorar og bakteriosinproduksjon hos bakterien for å finne betre måtar å ... -
Activity-Based Protein Profiling (ABPP) and functional validation of uncharacterized enzymes in bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-08-30)<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> often reside in the human body as harmless commensal bacteria but can cause various infections once they breach the host's immune defenses. These pathogens are increasingly difficult to treat due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) and carbapenem-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. ...
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