Artikler, rapporter og annet (medisinsk biologi)
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MORG1 limits mTORC1 signaling by inhibiting Rag GTPases
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-15)Autophagy, an important quality control and recycling process vital for cellular homeostasis, is tightly regulated. The mTORC1 signaling pathway regulates autophagy under conditions of nutrient availability and scarcity. However, how mTORC1 activity is fine-tuned during nutrient availability to allow basal autophagy is unclear. Here, we report that the WD-domain repeat protein MORG1 facilitates basal ... -
Comparative genomics of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from broilers and humans in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-06)Background The usage of fluoroquinolones in Norwegian livestock production is very low, including in broiler production. Historically, quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) isolated from Norwegian production animals rarely occur. However, with the introduction of a selective screening method for QREC in the Norwegian monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary sector ... -
The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is modulated by urolithin A
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-16)During aging, general cellular processes, including autophagic clearance and immunological responses become compromised; therefore, identifying compounds that target these cellular processes is an important approach to improve our health span. The innate immune cGAS-STING pathway has emerged as an important signaling system in the organismal defense against viral and bacterial infections, ... -
Medication nonadherence and associated factors in patients with tuberculosis in Wau, South Sudan: a cross- sectional study using the world health organization multidimensional adherence model
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-15)Background - Tuberculosis medication nonadherence is a multi-dimensional public health problem with serious consequences worldwide. There is little information available for medication nonadherence in South Sudan. This study assessed the proportion, reasons, and associated factors for nonadherence among patients with TB in Wau Municipality, South Sudan.<p> <p>Methods - A health facility based ... -
Differentiation of highly pathogenic strains of human JC polyomavirus in neurological patients by next generation sequencing
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-12)This study presents an in-depth analysis of Russian stub compounds in spec ‘special’ and their competition with the corresponding full adjective special’nyj ‘special’ followed by a noun. Couched in Construction Morphology the corpus-based analysis addresses four understudied areas in theoretical and Russian morphology: shortening mechanisms, competition between morphological words and multiword ... -
Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics of Oral Microbial Communities
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-29)The oral cavity is a habitat for different microorganisms, of which bacteria are best described. Studying different bacterial taxa and their proteins is crucial to understanding their interactions with the host and other microbes. Also, for bacteria with virulence potential, identifying novel antigenic proteins is essential to finding candidates for the development of vaccines.<p> <p>Here, a ... -
Longitudinal assessment of classic and 11-oxygenated androgen concentrations and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus development: the Tromsø study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-18)Aim We aimed to investigate changes in pre-diagnostic concentrations of classic and 11-oxygenated androgens in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) cases and healthy controls, associations between androgen concentrations and T2DM, and the potential for androgens to improve the prediction of T2DM when considered in combination with established risk factors.<p> <p>Methods Androgen concentrations were analysed ... -
Oral nanotherapeutic formulation of insulin with reduced episodes of hypoglycaemia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-02)Injectable insulin is an extensively used medication with potential life-threatening hypoglycaemic events. Here we report on insulin-conjugated silver sulfide quantum dots coated with a chitosan/glucose polymer to produce a responsive oral insulin nanoformulation. This formulation is pH responsive, is insoluble in acidic environments and shows increased absorption in human duodenum explants and ... -
TBK1 is ubiquitinated by TRIM5α to assemble mitophagy machinery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-29)Ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins provides a basis for the downstream recruitment of mitophagy machinery, yet whether ubiquitination of the machinery itself contributes to mitophagy is unknown. Here, we show that K63-linked polyubiquitination of the key mitophagy regulator TBK1 is essential for its mitophagy functions. This modification is catalyzed by the ubiquitin ligase TRIM5a and is ... -
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in the Context of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-22)Despite recent advances in prevention, detection and treatment, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a global health concern, strongly associated with environmental and lifestyle risk factors and infection with oncogenic viruses. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV), well known to be the causative agent of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) has been found in OSCC, suggesting its potential role as a ... -
Impact of HPV Vaccination on the Incidence of High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN2+) in Women Aged 20–25 in the Northern Part of Norway: A 15-Year Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-16)Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV), the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection globally, is a key risk factor for high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer. Since 2009, HPV vaccination has been part of the national immunization program for girls in 7th grade in Norway (women born 1997 and later). This study aimed to assess the impact of HPV vaccination on the incidence of high-grade ... -
Human and Murine Toll-like Receptor-Driven Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-14)The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is linked to the differential roles of toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. TLR7 overexpression or gene duplication, as seen with the Y-linked autoimmune accelerator (Yaa) locus or TLR7 agonist imiquimod, correlates with increased SLE severity, and specific TLR7 polymorphisms and gainof-function variants are associated ... -
Deciphering Staphylococcus aureus–host dynamics using dual activity-based protein profiling of ATP-interacting proteins
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-24)The utilization of ATP within cells plays a fundamental role in cellular processes that are essential for the regulation of host–pathogen dynamics and the subsequent immune response. This study focuses on ATP-binding proteins to dissect the complex interplay between Staphylococcus aureus and human cells, particularly macrophages (THP-1) and keratinocytes (HaCaT), during an intracellular infection. ... -
Activity-based protein profiling of serine hydrolases and penicillin-binding proteins in Enterococcus faecium
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-15)Enterococcus faecium is a gut commensal bacterium which is gaining increasing relevance as an opportunistic, nosocomial pathogen. Its high level of intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance is causing a lack of treatment options, particularly for infections with vancomycin-resistant strains, and prioritizes the identification and functional validation of novel druggable targets. Here, we ... -
SLE: a cognitive step forward—a synthesis of rethinking theories, causality, and ignored DNA structures
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-04)Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is classified by instinctual classification criteria. A valid proclamation is that these formally accepted SLE classification criteria legitimate the syndrome as being difficult to explain and therefore enigmatic. SLE involves scientific problems linked to etiological factors and criteria. Our insufficient understanding of the clinical condition uniformly denoted ... -
A comprehensive review of monkeypox virus and mpox characteristics
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-06)Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the etiological agent of monkeypox (mpox), a zoonotic disease. MPXV is endemic in the forested regions of West and Central Africa, but the virus has recently spread globally, causing outbreaks in multiple non-endemic countries. In this paper, we review the characteristics of the virus, including its ecology, genomics, infection biology, and evolution. We estimate ... -
An overview of autosomal STRs and identity SNPs in a Norwegian population using massively parallel sequencing
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-03)In recent years, probabilistic genotyping software has been adapted for the analysis of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) forensic data. Likelihood ratios (LR) are based on allele frequencies selected from populations of interest. This study provides an outline of sequence-based (SB) allele frequencies for autosomal short tandem repeats (aSTRs) and identity single nucleotide polymorphisms ... -
Liver sinusoidal cells eliminate blood-borne phage K1F
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-28)Phage treatment has regained attention due to an increase in multiresistant bacteria. For phage therapy to be successful, phages must reach their target bacteria in sufficiently high numbers. Blood-borne phages are believed to be captured by macrophages in the liver and spleen. Since liver sinusoids also consist of specialized scavenger liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer ... -
Quality, availability and suitability of antimicrobial stewardship guidance: a multinational qualitative study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-14)Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes are established across the world to treat infections efficiently, prioritize patient safety, and reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. One of the core elements of AMS programmes is guidance to support and direct physicians in making efficient, safe and optimal decisions when prescribing antibiotics. To optimize and tailor AMS, we ... -
Comprehensive virulence profiling and evolutionary analysis of specificity determinants in Staphylococcus aureus two-component systems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-12)n the Staphylococcus aureus genome, a set of highly conserved two-component systems (TCSs) composed of histidine kinases (HKs) and their cognate response regulators (RRs) sense and respond to environmental stimuli, which drive the adaptation of the bacteria. This study investigates the complex interplay between TCSs in S. aureus USA300, a predominant methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain, revealing ...