Fakultet for biovitenskap, fiskeri og økonomi: Nye registreringer
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Niches of marine mammals in the European Arctic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-11)The Arctic is warming rapidly, with concomitant sea ice losses and ecosystem changes. The animals most vulnerable to Arctic food web changes are long-lived and slow-growing such as marine mammals, which may not be able to adapt rapidly enough to respond to changes in their resource bases. To determine the current extent and sources of these resource bases, we examined isotopic and trophic niches ... -
Intra-season variations in distribution and abundance of humpback whales in the West Antarctic Peninsula using cruise vessels as opportunistic platforms
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-09)Fine-scale knowledge of spatiotemporal dynamics in cetacean distribution and abundance throughout the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is sparse yet essential for effective ecosystem-based management (EBM). Cruise vessels were used as platforms of opportunity to collect data on the distribution and abundance of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) during the austral summer of 2019/2020 in a ... -
Dietary effects on biomarkers of growth, stress, and welfare of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during parr-smolt transformation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-12)Triploidy is induced in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to produce sterile fish for genetic containment and to hinder early sexual maturation in farmed fish, but it can have unwanted negative effects on growth, health, and welfare. However, the growth and welfare of triploid fish may be improved by adjusting the rearing environment, feeding conditions and diets. This study evaluated physiological ... -
Growth performance, hepatic enzymes, and gut health status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in response to dietary Cetobacterium somerae fermentation product
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-15)Intensive aquaculture practices compromise the health of fish. Probiotics especially those isolated from aquatic animals play important roles in improving fish health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of stabilized fermentation product of Cetobacterium somerae (XMX-1) on the growth performance, gut and liver health of common carp. A total of 300 carps (initial weight of 2.32 ± 0.02 ... -
Driving through dense fog: a study of the effects and control of sustainable public procurement of electric cars
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-21)Governments are large buyers of vehicles, thus contributing to pollution. To promote sustainability, policies have been shaped to replace government-owned fossil fuel cars with electric cars. Public procurement is seen as a strategic tool for the government to transition. This study identifies a research gap due to a lack of studies on how stakeholders at different levels identify and calculate the ... -
Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-07)Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties and processes that govern the ice pack evolution and its interaction with the atmosphere and the ocean were conducted during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition of the research vessel Polarstern in the Arctic Ocean from October 2019 to September 2020. This work was embedded ... -
Disrupted seasonal biology impacts health, food security and ecosystems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-22)The rhythm of life on earth is shaped by seasonal changes in the environment. Plants and animals show profound annual cycles in physiology, health, morphology, behaviour and demography in response to environmental cues. Seasonal biology impacts ecosystems and agriculture, with consequences for humans and biodiversity. Human populations show robust annual rhythms in health and well-being, and the ... -
Gene expression of lactobacilli in murine forestomach biofilms
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-04-04)Lactobacilli populate the gastro-intestinal tract of vertebrates, and are used in food fermentations and as probiotics. Lactobacilli are also major constituents of stable biofilms in the forestomach of rodents. In order to investigate the lifestyle of these biofilm lactobacilli in C57BL/6 mice, we applied metatranscriptomics to analyse gene expression (assessed by mRNA) and community composition ... -
Shifting mirrors: adaptive changes in retinal reflections to winter darkness in Arctic reindeer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013-12-22)Arctic reindeer experience extreme changes in environmental light from continuous summer daylight to continuous winter darkness. Here, we show that they may have a unique mechanism to cope with winter darkness by changing the wavelength reflection from their tapetum lucidum (TL). In summer, it is golden with most light reflected back directly through the retina, whereas in winter it is deep ... -
Why Rudolph's nose is red: observational study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2012-12-17)Objective To characterise the functional morphology of the nasal microcirculation in humans in comparison with reindeer as a means of testing the hypothesis that the luminous red nose of Rudolph, one of the most well known reindeer pulling Santa Claus’s sleigh, is due to the presence of a highly dense and rich nasal microcirculation.<p> <p>Design Observational study.<p> <p>Setting Tromsø, ... -
Fish Skin and Gill Mucus: A Source of Metabolites for Non-Invasive Health Monitoring and Research
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-31)Mucous membranes such as the gill and skin mucosa in fish protect them against a multitude of environmental factors. At the same time, changes in the molecular composition of mucus may provide valuable information about the interaction of the fish with their environment, as well as their health and welfare. In this study, the metabolite profiles of the plasma, skin and gill mucus of freshwater ... -
Robuste sjømatinntekter også under COVID-19 pandemien
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-09)Norge er verdens nest største eksportør av sjømat. Inntektene skaper arbeid og aktivitet i lokalsamfunn langs hele kysten. Denne studien undersøker hvor sårbare inntektene til sjømatnæringen har vært under Covid-19 pandemien som har preget mesteparten av 2020 og hele 2021. I tillegg til å analysere inntektsutviklingen på aggregert nivå for fiskeri og havbruk, presenterer studien sektorvise analyser ... -
Resemblance Reporting on Children: Sisters Are More Proactive than Brothers
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-02)The asymmetric grandparental investment in humans may ultimately be explained by the paternity uncertainty hypothesis. The proximate mechanisms leading to grandparental bias in investment in grandchildren are, however, unclear. In a study of 233 males and females with an opposite sexed sibling, we examined whether comments on resemblance regarding one’s own child, or one’s sibling’s child, ... -
Immobilization of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) with etorphine and xylazine
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011-06-27)One hundred and thirty three “wild” muskoxen, 81 of which of known body mass, were successfully immobilized using etorphine (M99), and xylazine (Rompun®), delivered by use of a dart gun. A dose of 0.05 mg/kg M99, supplemented by 0.15 mg/kg Rompun was found to be very effective. This dose is much higher than currently recommended e.g. by Handbook of Wildlife Chemical Immobilization. -
Tundra vegetation ecology from the sky - Aerial images and photogrammetry as tools to monitor landscape change
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-05-24)Long-term temperature increases, higher frequencies of extreme weather events and changes in food web structures will all affect the state of Arctic tundra ecosystems at different temporal and spatial scales. Ecologists are tasked with understanding these biotic and abiotic interactions and finding methods to measure them. This thesis applies new technology and methods within the principles of ... -
Upregulation of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthethase adapts human cancer cells to nutritional stress caused by tryptophan degradation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-05)Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism is an important target in immuno-oncology as it represents a powerful immunosuppressive mechanism hijacked by tumors for protection against immune destruction. However, it remains unclear how tumor cells can proliferate while degrading the essential amino acid Trp. Trp is incorporated into proteins after it is attached to its tRNA by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthestases. As ... -
Herbivore Effects on Ecosystem Process Rates in a Low-Productive System
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-17)Mammalian herbivores shape the structure and function of many nutrient-limited or low-productive terrestrial ecosystems through modification of plant communities and plant–soil feedbacks. In the tundra biome, mammalian herbivores may both accelerate and decelerate plant biomass growth, microbial activity and nutrient cycling, that is, ecosystem process rates. Selective foraging and associated ... -
How to tame a parasite - Developing biotechnological pipelines for gene function studies in Cuscuta
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-05-20)<p><i>Cuscuta</i> is a genus of parasitic plants that form cross-species bridges and connect to the xylem and phloem of a wide variety of host plants. Because of their unique lifestyle, research into processes like the formation of connections in between plant cells and plant immunity would benefit from <i>Cuscuta</i> as a model system. However, a method to study gene functions in a <i>Cuscuta</i> ... -
Hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) pups ingest snow and seawater during their post-weaning fast
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-11-09)The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of exogenous water intake (snow/seawater) in hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) pups during their postweaning fast. In this study, five hooded seal pups had ad lib access to snow and seawater for the first 12 and last 21 days of their post-weaning fast, respectively. Total body water and water flux were determined during both exposure periods ... -
Machine learning for classification of an eroding scarp surface using terrestrial photogrammetry with nir and rgb imagery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-03)Increasingly advanced and affordable close-range sensing techniques are employed by an ever-broadening range of users, with varying competence and experience. In this context a method was tested that uses photogrammetry and classification by machine learning to divide a point cloud into different surface type classes. The study site is a peat scarp 20 metres long in the actively eroding river bank ...