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dc.contributor.authorMølmen, Knut Sindre
dc.contributor.authorHammarström, Jens Konrad Daniel
dc.contributor.authorPedersen, Karianne
dc.contributor.authorLie, Anne Cecilie Lian
dc.contributor.authorSteile, Ragnvald B.
dc.contributor.authorNygård, Håvard
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Yusuf
dc.contributor.authorHamarsland, Håvard
dc.contributor.authorKoll, Lise
dc.contributor.authorHanestadhaugen, Marita
dc.contributor.authorEriksen, Atle Lie
dc.contributor.authorGrindaker, Eirik
dc.contributor.authorWhist, Jon Elling
dc.contributor.authorBuck, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorAhmad, Rafi
dc.contributor.authorStrand, Tor Arne
dc.contributor.authorRønnestad, Bent R.
dc.contributor.authorEllefsen, Stian
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-03T09:09:53Z
dc.date.available2021-09-03T09:09:53Z
dc.date.issued2021-03-31
dc.description.abstractBackground: Lifestyle therapy with resistance training is a potent measure to counteract age-related loss in muscle strength and mass. Unfortunately, many individuals fail to respond in the expected manner. This phenomenon is particularly common among older adults and those with chronic diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) and may involve endocrine variables such as vitamin D. At present, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on responses to resistance training remain largely unexplored. Methods: Ninety-five male and female participants (healthy, n = 71; COPD, n = 24; age 68 ± 5 years) were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D3 or placebo supplementation for 28 weeks in a double-blinded manner (latitude 61°N, September-May). Seventy-eight participants completed the RCT, which was initiated by 12 weeks of supplementation-only (two weeks with 10 000 IU/day, followed by 2000 IU/day), followed by 13 weeks of combined supplementation (2000 IU/day) and supervised whole-body resistance training (twice weekly), interspersed with testing and measurements. Outcome measures included multiple assessments of muscle strength (nvariables = 7), endurance performance (n = 6), and muscle mass (n = 3, legs, primary), as well as muscle quality (legs), muscle biology (m. vastus lateralis; muscle fibre characteristics, transcriptome), and health-related variables (e.g. visceral fat mass and blood lipid profile). For main outcome domains such as muscle strength and muscle mass, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments. Results: Overall, 13 weeks of resistance training increased muscle strength (13% ± 8%), muscle mass (9% ± 8%), and endurance performance (one-legged, 23% ± 15%; whole-body, 8% ± 7%), assessed as weighted combined factors, and were associated with changes in health variables (e.g. visceral fat, -6% ± 21%; [LDL]serum , -4% ± 14%) and muscle tissue characteristics such as fibre type proportions (e.g. IIX, -3% points), myonuclei per fibre (30% ± 65%), total RNA/rRNA abundances (15%/6-19%), and transcriptome profiles (e.g. 312 differentially expressed genes). Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect training-associated changes for any of the main outcome domains, despite robust increases in [25(OH)D]serum (∆49% vs. placebo). No conditional effects were observed for COPD vs. healthy or pre-RCT [25(OH)D]serum . In secondary analyses, vitamin D3 affected expression of gene sets involved in vascular functions in muscle tissue and strength gains in participants with high fat mass, which advocates further study. Conclusions: Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect muscular responses to resistance training in older adults with or without COPD. Keywords: Cholecalciferol; Muscle plasticity; Strength training. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders.en_US
dc.identifier.citationMølmen, Hammarström, Pedersen, Lie, Steile, Nygård H, Khan, Hamarsland, Koll, Hanestadhaugen, Eriksen, Grindaker, Whist, Buck, Ahmad, Strand TA, Rønnestad, Ellefsen. Vitamin D3 supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults . Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2021;12(3):599-628en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1911011
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/jcsm.12688
dc.identifier.issn2190-5991
dc.identifier.issn2190-6009
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/22377
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.relation.journalJournal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
dc.relation.urihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8200443/
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2021 The Author(s)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Basic medical, dental and veterinary science disciplines: 710en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Basale medisinske, odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710en_US
dc.titleVitamin D3 supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adultsen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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