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dc.contributor.advisorSchirmer, Henrik
dc.contributor.authorJohnsen, Bente
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-05T08:42:13Z
dc.date.available2024-04-05T08:42:13Z
dc.date.issued2024-04-25
dc.description.abstractMed økende levealder er kognitiv sunn aldring viktig for et godt liv i alderdommen. Kognisjon hos unge voksne har økt det siste århundret, men det er få studier over tid på personer over 60 år. Risikofaktorer for kognitiv svikt og demens er identifisert, og en av de mest lovende beskyttende faktorer er fysisk aktivitet. Demensprevalensen er høyere i Norge enn sammenlignbare land, og longitudinelle insidensstudier mangler. Formålet med doktorgraden var å studere kognisjon over tid hos voksne, samt undersøke sammenhengen mellom risikofaktorer, kognisjon og demens. Studien hadde også som mål å undersøke insidens av demens. Data ble hentet fra Tromsøundersøkelsen og sykehusjournaler. I den innledende fasen av studien undersøkte vi kognitiv utvikling over tid hos deltakere over 60 år. Deretter lagde vi et endepunktsregister for demens ved å identifisere alle personer som hadde deltatt på Tromsøundersøkelsen og senere fått en demensdiagnose. Ut fra dette beregnet vi insidens av demens over en 20-årsperiode. Videre gjorde vi en analyse av kognitiv funksjon, hvor deltakerne ble delt inn i fysisk aktive og inaktive grupper, både blant de som forble kognitivt friske og de som senere fikk demens. Vi fant at individer presterte bedre på kognitive tester enn tidligere generasjoner på samme alder. Videre observerte studien at kvinner stort sett presterte bedre enn menn. Kognisjon var positivt assosiert med høyere utdanningsnivå, økt fysisk aktivitet, flere anledninger med alkoholinntak, men ikke økt antall alkoholenheter. For menn var det også positiv sammenheng med røykeslutt og økt høyde. Vi avdekket også en betydelig nedgang i demensforekomsten de siste to tiårene hos de over 60 år. Fysisk aktivitet var positivt assosiert med høyere testscore på kognitive tester, men overraskende nok bare hos de som forble demensfrie. Studiens resultater antydet at kognitiv kapasitet fortsetter å øke blant middelaldrende og eldre voksne, og at insidens av demens er synkende.en_US
dc.description.abstractWith increasing life expectancy, healthy cognitive aging is important. While cognitive health in young adults has shown improvement, there remains a scarcity of longitudinal studies on people over the age of 60. Risk and protective factors for dementia and cognitive decline have been identified, and one of the most promising protective factors is physical activity. Dementia prevalence in Norway exceeds that of comparable countries, yet longitudinal incidence studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to analyse cognitive trajectories in adults, while investigating the association between risk factors and cognition, as well as dementia. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the incidence of dementia. The data utilized was obtained from the Tromsø Study. In the initial phase of our study, we examined cognitive trajectories in participants aged 60 and above. Subsequently, we established an endpoint registry for dementia from individuals who participated in The Tromsø Study and later received a dementia diagnosis. From this we calculated incidence of dementia over a 20-year period. Furthermore, we studied cognitive function in physically active and inactive groups, both among those who were cognitive healthy and those later received a dementia diagnosis. We found that individuals performed better on cognitive tests compared to previous generations at the same age. Furthermore, we observed that women mostly outperformed men. Cognition was positively associated with higher levels of education, increased physical activity and increased alcohol consumption frequency, but not increased units of alcohol. For men, there were additional positive associations found with smoking cessation and increased height. We also uncovered a significant decrease in dementia by up to 61% over the last two decades, in those over 60 years of age. Physical activity was positively associated with high test scores on cognitive tests, but surprisingly, only in those who remained dementia free.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractCognitive healthy aging is important for a fulfilling life in old age. While more people suffer from dementia, studies on occurrence of new cases (incidence) in Norway are lacking. This study analysed cognitive trajectories in in middle-aged and elderly adults, both those remaining cognitive healthy and those later diagnosed with dementia. We studied how risk factors can influence cognition, and calculated dementia incidence. Data was sourced from the Tromsø Study and hospital records. We found that individuals performed better on cognitive tests compared to previous generations at the same age. Furthermore, women mostly outperformed men. We also uncovered a significant decrease in age-specific dementia incidence. Physical activity improved cognitive scores, but only for those without dementia. The study’s results suggested that cognitive capability continues to increase among middle-aged and older adults, and that age-specific dementia incidence is decreasing.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipHelse Norden_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/33328
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper 1: Johnsen, B., Strand, B.H., Martinaityte, I., Mathiesen, E.B. & Schirmer, H. (2021). Improved Cognitive Function in the Tromsø Study in Norway From 2001 to 2016. <i>Neurology Clinical Practice, 11</i>(6), e856-e866. Also available at <a href=https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001115>https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001115</a>. <p>Paper 2: Johnsen, B., Martinaityte, I., Wilsgaard, T. & Schirmer, H. (2023). Incidence of dementia over a period of 20 years in a Norwegian population. <i>Alzheimer's & Dementia, 15</i>, e12479. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/31800>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/31800</a>. <p>Paper 3: Johnsen, B., Strand, B.H., Martinaityte, I., Lorem, G.F. & Schirmer, H. (2022). Leisure Time Physical Activities' Association With Cognition and Dementia: A 19 Years' Life Course Study. <i>Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 14</i>, 906678. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26699>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26699</a>.en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2024 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectCognitionen_US
dc.subjectDementiaen_US
dc.subjectPhysical activityen_US
dc.titleTrends for cognitive function and dementia in a general population; Risk factors, trajectories, and incidenceen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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