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dc.contributor.advisorSundsfjord, Arnfinn
dc.contributor.authorLindstedt, Kenneth
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-27T11:35:26Z
dc.date.available2024-05-27T11:35:26Z
dc.date.embargoEndDate2025-06-10
dc.date.issued2024-06-10
dc.description.abstractThe Klebsiella pneumoniae Species Complex (KpSC) is an important group of human pathogens, of which, Klebsiella pneumoniae is most clinically important and frequently associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). K. pneumoniae gastrointestinal tract (GIT) colonisation is a key infection risk factor and hub for AMR dissemination. Here we investigated and compared the ZKIR-qPCR and whole metagenomic sequencing (WMS) for KpSC detection, quantification, and sequence type (ST) analysis from faecal samples. These tools were then applied to samples from 108 community-based adults recruited from the general population in Tromsø municipality, collected monthly for six months, to investigate the duration, dynamics, host- and microbiota-associations of KpSC GIT colonisation. In paper I, we demonstrated the ZKIR-qPCR had the highest sensitivity, positive in 52/52 KpSC culture-positive samples, and 11/51 and 23/47 culture-negative samples, using a direct-faecal and culture-enrichment method, respectively. WMS had lower sensitivity and was inclined to false positives at low KpSC abundances. Both tools accurately quantified KpSC abundance. Paper II showed WMS performed accurate KpSC ST detection, agreeing with single colony whole genome sequencing in 44/49 and 46/49 culture-enriched faecal samples using two bioinformatic tools, StrainGE and mSWEEP, respectively. Both tools could detect within-sample ST diversity and StrainGE could recreate accurate phylogenetic relationships between closely related strains. In paper III, we found 27.1%, 69.4%, and 3.5% of participants were persistent (positive in all samples), transient (positive one to five times), or non-carriers of the KpSC, respectively. Persistent carriers had a significantly higher KpSC GIT abundance and tended to retain the same ST for multiple months. KpSC GIT abundance associated positively with increased Bacteroides and Phocaeicola, and negatively with Bifidobacterium, Alistipes, Akkermansia, and multiple Bacillota (Firmicutes). Participant age, travel abroad, and diabetes mellitus positively associated with KpSC abundance, while antimicrobial use was negatively associated. This study shows that qPCR and WMS are valid tools for KpSC analysis from human faecal samples, and demonstrated important findings regarding KpSC GIT colonisation duration, diversity, dynamics, and microbiota associations. Future studies investigating mechanisms behind persistent KpSC colonisation and the microbiota taxa influencing this have potential to inform future decolonisation strategies.en_US
dc.description.abstractKlebsiella pneumoniae Species Complex (KpSC) er en viktig gruppe av human patogene bakterier, hvorav Klebsiella pneumoniae er den klinisk viktigste og ofte assosiert med antimikrobiell resistens (AMR). Kolonisering med K. pneumoniae i mage-tarmkanalen (GIT) er en nøkkelfaktor for infeksjonsrisiko og et samlingspunkt for spredning av AMR. I denne studie undersøkte og sammenlignet vi ZKIR-qPCR og hel-metagenomsekvensering (WMS) for deteksjon, kvantifisering og sekvenstype (ST)-analyse av KpSC fra avføringsprøver. Disse verktøyene ble deretter anvendt på prøver fra 108 personer rekruttert fra den generelle voksne befolkningen i Tromsø kommune, samlet månedlig over seks måneder, for å undersøke varighet, dynamikk og vert- og mikrobiota-assosiasjoner i KpSC GIT-kolonisering. I artikkel I demonstrerte vi at ZKIR-qPCR hadde høyest sensitivitet, med positivt resultat i 52/52 KpSC-dyrkningspositive prøver, samt i 11/51 og 23/47 dyrkningsnegative prøver, henholdsvis direkte på avføringsprøver og prøver anriket gjennom dyrkning. WMS hadde lavere sensitivitet og var tilbøyelig til falske positive ved lav forekomst av KpSC. Begge verktøyene kvantifiserte forekomsten av KpSC nøyaktig. I Artikkel II viste vi nøyaktig deteksjon av KpSC ST med WMS, i samsvar med helgenomsekvensering av enkeltkolonier i 44/49 og 46/49 avføringsprøver ved bruk av to bioinformatiske verktøyene, henholdsvis StrainGE og mSWEEP. Begge verktøyene kunne påvise prøver med ST-diversitet, og StrainGE kunne rekonstruere nøyaktige fylogenetiske forhold mellom nært beslektede stammer. I artikkel III fant vi at 27,1%, 69,4% og 3,5% av deltakerne var henholdsvis vedvarende bærere (positiv i alle prøver), forbigående bærere (positiv en til fem ganger) eller ikke-bærere av KpSC. Vedvarende bærere hadde en betydelig høyere relativ forekomst av KpSC med en tendens til å beholde samme ST over flere måneder. Den relative forekomsten av KpSC var positivt assosiert med økt forekomst av Bacteroides og Phocaeicola, og negativt med Bifidobacterium, Alistipes, Akkermansia og flere Bacillota (Firmicutes). Deltakernes alder, utenlandsreiser og diabetes mellitus var positivt assosiert med en økt relativ andel KpSC, mens bruk av antimikrobielle midler var negativt assosiert. Denne studien viser at qPCR og WMS er valide verktøy for undersøkelse av KpSC i humane avføringsprøver. Videre ble det gjort viktige funn angående varighet, diversitet, dynamikk og mikrobiota-assosiasjoner i KpSC GIT-kolonisering. Fremtidige mekanistiske studier av vedvarende KpSC-kolonisering og mikrobiota-taksa som påvirker denne, har potensial til å informere fremtidige strategier for dekolonisering.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractKlebsiella pneumoniae is a bacteria that can cause serious infections and spread resistance to antibiotics in the hospital and the community. In this study we show K. pneumoniae is also frequently a silent inhabitant of the gut of healthy people. While most can rid themselves of this bacteria fairly quickly, we found in some people K. pneumoniae can persist for many months. What’s more, certain beneficial bacteria appear to have an important role in kicking K. pneumoniae out of the gut. To perform this work, we first developed and tested new highly sensitive cutting-edge methods to detect K. pneumoniae from gut samples. These were then used to track K. pneumoniae in 108 volunteers from the Tromsø community over six months. Overall, this study improves our understanding and detection of K. pneumoniae from gut samples. These findings may assist in developing new ways to remove K. pneumoniae from the gut, thereby preventing infection and spread of antibiotic resistance by this pathogen.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipTrond Mohn Foundation, contract TMF2019TMT03 Northern Norway Regional Health Authority, contracts HNF1589-21 and HNF1415-18en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/33627
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper I: Lindstedt K, Buczek D, Pedersen T, Hjerde E, Raffelsberger N, Suzuki Y, Brisse S, Holt K, Samuelsen Ø, Sundsfjord A. Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae human gut carriage: a comparison of culture, qPCR, and whole metagenomic sequencing methods. Gut Microbes. 2022; 14(1): 14(1):2118500. Also available in Munin: <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/27418>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/27418</a>. <p> <p>Paper II: Buszek D, Lindstedt K, Kabir W, Mäklin T, Thorpe HA, Suzuki Y, Corander J, Samuelsen Ø, Sundsfjord A. Sequence type and strain level detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae in complex bacterial communities by metagenomics: comparative performance of mSWEEP and StrainGE bioinformatic tools. (Manuscript). <p> <p>Paper III: Lindstedt K, Kabir W, Holsbø E, Buczek D, Pedersen T, Holt K, Brisse S, Samuelsen Ø, Sundsfjord A. Longitudinal analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae Species Complex human gut colonization identifies a subgroup of high-abundance persistent carriers with strong microbiota associations (Manuscript).en_US
dc.relation.isbasedonMetagenomic data (raw Illumina/MGI reads) from Paper I (Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae human gut carriage: a comparison of culture, qPCR, and whole metagenomic sequencing methods) are publicly available in ENA under BioProject: PRJEB52877. Link: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB52877 The metagenomic datasets from Papers II and III will be uploaded to ENA soon.en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsembargoedAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2024 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectKlebsiella pneumoniaeen_US
dc.subjectqPCRen_US
dc.subjectwhole metagenomic sequencingen_US
dc.subjectgastrointestinal colonizationen_US
dc.subjectsequence typeen_US
dc.subjectlongitudinalen_US
dc.subjectcolonization resistanceen_US
dc.subjectantimicrobial resistanceen_US
dc.titleHuman Gut Colonisation by the Klebsiella pneumoniae Species Complex: Detection, Duration, Dynamics, and Microbiota Associationsen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
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