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dc.contributor.advisorLentz, Christian
dc.contributor.authorUddin, Md Jalal
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-15T09:38:24Z
dc.date.available2024-08-15T09:38:24Z
dc.date.issued2024-08-30
dc.description.abstract<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> often reside in the human body as harmless commensal bacteria but can cause various infections once they breach the host's immune defenses. These pathogens are increasingly difficult to treat due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) and carbapenem-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a powerful chemoproteomic method to uncover potential new druggable targets and to identify off-target effects of drugs. It uses functionalized covalent enzyme inhibitors called activity-based probes (ABPs) for directly capturing enzyme activity changes within their native biological systems. To search for new putative targets of antimicrobial drugs, this study aimed to identify active enzymes in these pathogens using ABPP and to validate them in the context of bacterial physiology and host-pathogen interactions. In Paper I, multiple classes of enzymes were identified in MRSA using an ABP derived from carmofur, which is registered as an anti-neoplastic agent and also possesses antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties. The broad reactivity and somewhat promiscuous nature of the carmofur probe suggest potential side effects and therapeutic implications in clinical settings due to the inactivation of multiple enzymes in both humans and microbes. In Paper II, two previously uncharacterized glycosidases were identified in MRSA. Functional studies using CRISPRi-induced gene silencing showed that a protein from the α-amylase family, trehalase C (TreC), plays a role in bacterial virulence during infections of wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella In Paper III, seven previously uncharacterized serine hydrolases were identified in <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, most of which show little or no homology with the proteomes of gut commensal bacteria and humans. Functional validation using transposon mutants deficient in either of the putative lysophospholipase PldB, esterase YjfP, and patatin-like phospholipase YchK revealed pronounced growth defects in human-derived colonic organoid co-culture models and reduced virulence in G. mellonella infection models. Overall, this study provides substantial insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the virulence and cellular physiology of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, offering promising targets such as TreC, PldB, YjfP, and YchK for developing new antimicrobial strategies. Inhibiting these enzymes could synergize with existing antibiotics and augment human immune defenses.en_US
dc.description.abstract<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> og <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> er som oftest harmløse kommensale bakterier som kan bo i menneskekroppen. Dersom bakteriene bryter gjennom vertens immunforsvar, kan de forårsake ulike infeksjoner. Disse blir stadig vanskeligere å behandle på grunn av fremveksten av antibiotika-resistente stammer som meticillin-resistente <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) og karbapenem-resistente <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. Aktivitetsbasert proteinprofilering (ABPP) er en lovende kjemoproteomisk metode for å avdekke potensielle nye terapeutiske mål, samt identifisere utilsiktede effekter av medikamenter. Metoden er basert på funksjonaliserte kovalente enzym-hemmere kalt aktivitetsbaserte prober (ABPer), som binder aktive enzymer og dermed fanger opp endringer i enzymaktivitet under valgte betingelser. Denne studien hadde som mål å bruke ABPP for å identifisere aktive bakterielle enzymer med rolle i bakteriell fysiologi og/eller under interaksjon med vert v og å validere nye potensielle terapeutiske mål.. I Artikkel I ble flere klasser av enzymer identifisert i MRSA ved bruk av en ABP avledet fra karmofur, som er registrert som et antineoplastisk middel og også har antimikrobielle og antibiofilmegenskaper. Den brede reaktiviteten og noe promiskuøse naturen til karmofur-proben antyder potensielle bivirkninger som kan ha terapeutiske implikasjoner i kliniske sammenhengerr på grunn av inaktivering av både humane og bakterielle enzymer. I Artikkel II ble to tidligere ukarakteriserte glykosidaser identifisert i MRSA. Funksjonelle studier viste at et protein fra α-amylasefamilien, trehalase C (TreC), spiller en rolle i bakteriell virulens under infeksjoner avvoksmøllarver Galleria mellonella. I Artikkel III ble syv tidligere ukarakteriserte serin-hydrolaser identifisert i <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, med liten eller ingen homologi med serin hydrolaser i tarmkommensale bakterier og i menneske. Funksjonell validering, hvor villtype bakterier ble sammenlignet med transposonmutanter av den antatte lysfosfolipasen PldB, esterasen YjfP, og patatin-lignende fosfolipasen YchK, viste markante reduksjon i bakteriell vekst i humane kolon-organoid modeller og redusert virulens i G. mellonella-infeksjonsmodeller. Samlet gir denne studien innsikt i de molekylære mekanismene som ligger til grunn for <i>S. aureus</i> og <i>K. pneumoniae</i> virulense og fysiologi Studien antyder at TreC, PldB, YjfP og YchK er potensielle terapeutiske mål og at hemming av disse enzymene kan svekke bakteriene og dermed øke effekten av vertens immunforsvar og eksisterende antibiotika.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractStaphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae typically exist harmlessly within our bodies but can turn into formidable pathogens when they evade immune defenses, leading to severe infections. These pathogens are increasingly difficult to treat due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. To search for new putative targets of antimicrobial drugs, this study utilized activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), a chemoproteomic technique to identify new druggable target enzymes in these pathogens and functionally validate them in various models, including human-derived organoids and Galleria mellonella infection models. Overall, this study identified and functionally validated four novel targets that could be important in the host-pathogen interface and bacterial physiology. This study provides substantial insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the virulence and cell physiology of these pathogens and suggests that targeting these enzymes could enhance the effectiveness of existing antibiotics and bolster human immune defenses, offering new hope in the battle against resistant bacterial infections.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe study was funded by a Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS) starting-grant through the Trond-Mohn Foundationen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/34285
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper I: Uddin, M.J., Overkleeft, H.S. & Lentz, C.S. (2023). Activity-Based Protein Profiling in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Reveals the Broad Reactivity of a Carmofur-Derived Probe. <i>Chembiochem, 24</i>(21), e202300473. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/31831>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/31831</a>. <p>Paper II: Uddin, M.J., Overkleeft, H.S., Johannessen, M. & Lentz, C.S. Activity-Based Protein Profiling Identifies an Alpha-amylase Family Protein Contributing to the Virulence of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. (Manuscript). <p>Paper III: Uddin, M.J., Randall, G., Zhu, J., Upadhyay, T., van Eijk, L., Stege, P.B., … Lentz, C.S. Activity-Based Protein Profiling Identifies <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Serine Hydrolases with Potential Roles in Host-Pathogen Interactions. (Manuscript).en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2024 The Author(s)
dc.subject.courseIDDOKTOR-003
dc.subjectStaphylococcus aureusen_US
dc.subjectKlebsiella pneumoniaeen_US
dc.subjectChemoproteomicsen_US
dc.subjectVirulenceen_US
dc.subjectOrganoidsen_US
dc.titleActivity-Based Protein Profiling (ABPP) and functional validation of uncharacterized enzymes in bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniaeen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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