The WHO currently considers maternal anemia global public health concern, and one of the most common complications during pregnancy. Symptoms range from weakness and fatigue, to serious cardiac complications. Maternal anemia also poses a risk to the infant, as it can increase the likelihood of preterm birth and low birth weight babies, among additional concerns. Past research is primarily focused ...

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) needs iron to survive and replicate and has evolved systems to harvest iron from its host. In humans, excess iron could potentially increase the risk of S. aureus carriage and infections. Moreover, iron plays a vital role in the development and function of the host immune system. Adolescence is a growth spurt period with increased iron requirements. The aim of this ...

Alcohol consumption, overweight and smoking are associated with premature mortality. These behaviors tend to co-occur and often differ between different socioeconomic groups. Previous studies have indicated a reversed social gradient in total alcohol consumption. The main purpose of this repeated-measures study was to investigate the social gradient in total alcohol consumption and its relationship ...

Background: In studies of social inequalities in health, there is no consensus on the best measure of socioeconomic position (SEP). Moreover, subjective indicators are increasingly used to measure SEP. The aim of this paper was to develop a composite score for SEP based on weighted combinations of education and income in estimating subjective SEP, and examine how this score performs in predicting ...

Background: Self-reported data on educational level have been collected for decades in the Tromsø Study, but their validity has yet to be established. Aim: To investigate the completeness and correctness of self-reported educational level in the Tromsø Study, using data from Statistics Norway. In addition, we explored the consequence of using these two data sources on educational trends in ...

Objective To use data from two longstanding, population based screening programmes to study overdiagnosis in screening mammography.<p> <p>Design Population based cohort study. <p>Setting Copenhagen municipality (from 1991) and Funen County (from 1993), Denmark. <p>Participants 57 763 women targeted by organised screening, aged 56-69 when the screening programmes started, and followed up to ...

Background: Overweight and obesity in childhood doubles the risk of becoming overweight as an adult, as well as it increases the risk of related comorbidities. Cardiovascular diseases are a consequence of obesity and the most common cause of death worldwide. Diet and physical activity are modifiable causes of overweight. Overweight and obesity should be prevented, but treatment must be optimized as ...

Formål: Hensikten med denne oppgaven var å undersøke sammenhengen mellom prediagnostisk inntak av vitamin D og insidens av kreft i tykk- og endetarm (CRC), kreft i tykktarm, kreft i høyre- eller venstre side av tykktarm og kreft i endetarm. Metode: Data fra 95416 kvinner som deltok i den norske Kvinner og kreft-studien ble inkludert. Sammenhengen ble undersøkt ved bruk av to repeterte målinger på ...

Background<p> <p>In 2017, a capacity-based criterion was added to the Norwegian Mental Health Act, stating that those with capacity to consent to treatment cannot be subjected to involuntary care unless there is risk to themselves or others. This was expected to reduce incidence and prevalence rates, and the duration of episodes of involuntary care, in particular regarding community treatment orders ...

Introduction: Associations of hormone-receptor positive breast cancer with excess adiposity are reasonably well characterized; however, uncertainty remains regarding the association of body mass index (BMI) with hormonereceptor negative malignancies, and possible interactions by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. Methods: Within the European EPIC cohort, Cox proportional hazards models were used ...