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norskDet helsevitenskapelige fakultet: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3181-3200 of 10438
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Electrospun Amphiphilic Nanofibers as Templates for In Situ Preparation of Chloramphenicol-Loaded Liposomes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-20)The hydration of phospholipids, electrospun into polymeric nanofibers and used as templates for liposome formation, offers pharmaceutical advantages as it avoids the storage of liposomes as aqueous dispersions. The objective of the present study was to electrospin and characterize amphiphilic nanofibers as templates for the preparation of antibiotic-loaded liposomes and compare this method with ... -
Patient-tailored levothyroxine dosage with pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling: A novel approach after total thyroidectomy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-07)Background: After seven decades of levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy, dosage adjustment still takes several months. We have developed a decision aid tool (DAT) that models LT4 pharmacometrics and enables patient-tailored dosage. The aim of this was to speed up dosage adjustments for patients after total thyroidectomy.<p> <p>Methods: The DAT computer program was developed with a group of 46 ... -
Circle of Willis variants and cerebrovascular health: Representations, prevalences, functions and related consequences. Incomplete anatomy and changes to flow appear to induce more unfavourable health outcomes
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-03)<p><i>Background:</i> The Circle of Willis (CoW) is a circular structure of arteries in which most of the blood flowing to our brains pass through. The structure has primarily been regarded as important for its ability to redistribute blood flow in case of acute arterial occlusion, but may also have a role in dampening the pressure gradient in cerebral blood flow. The CoW anatomy also varies ... -
Testicular cancer survivors in the cisplatin era: Metachronous contralateral testicular cancer, second cancer and causes of death
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-11-26)<p><i>Background/aims:</i> Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common cancer among young men aged 20-40 years. The cure rates are excellent, an important factor being the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. This thesis aimed to investigate how TC treatment influenced the subsequent risk for metachronous contralateral (second) TC, non-TC second cancer (SC) and non-TC mortality. <p><i>Methods:</i> The ... -
Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus and Associated Factors Among Preconception Women: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study in China
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-25)Background: Cytomegalovirus seroconversion during pregnancy is common and has a substantial risk of congenital infection with longterm sequale. Screening during pregnancy or vaccination have not been shown to be effective for eliminating congenital infections. Preconception screening policy has not been evaluated adequately in a large scale. This nationwide study aimed to investigate epidemiological ... -
The Impact of COVID-19-Induced Changes at Schools on Elementary Students' School Engagement
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-09)In spring 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic led to the shutdown of schools in many countries. Emerging research documents the negative effects of the pandemic and particularly of the shutdown of schools on children's well-being. The present research extends this research by investigating how structural changes made in schools upon reopening to align with COVID-19 restrictions were related to children's ... -
The scavenger function of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in health and disease
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-11)The aim of this review is to give an outline of the blood clearance function of the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in health and disease. Lining the hundreds of millions of hepatic sinusoids in the human liver the LSECs are perfectly located to survey the constituents of the blood. These cells are equipped with high-affinity receptors and an intracellular vesicle transport apparatus, ... -
Physical activity in Sami and non-Sami populations in rural Northern Norway, the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-14)Background - The Sami people is an indigenous minority population living in the northern parts of Norway and mainly in rural areas. We lack data of contemporary levels of physical activity (PA) in rural regions of Northern Norway and in the Sami population in particular. We aimed to describe the PA levels and investigate whether PA levels differs between Sami and non-Sami and between coastal and ... -
Low Z-4OHtam concentrations are associated with adverse clinical outcome among early stage premenopausal breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-14)Abstract Low steady‐state levels of active tamoxifen metabolites have been associated with inferior treatment outcomes. In this retrospective analysis of 406 estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer (BC) patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen as initial treatment, we have associated our previously reported thresholds for the two active metabolites, Z‐endoxifen and Z‐4‐hydroxy‐tamoxifen (Z‐4OHtam), ... -
Protein, creatine and dieting supplements among adolescents: Use and associations with eating disorder risk factors, exercise- and sports participation, and immigrant status
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-13)Objective: This study aimed to estimate the number of weekly users of protein, creatine, and dieting supplements and to explore whether weekly use was related to eating disorder (ED) risk factors, exercise, sports participation, and immigrant status.<p><p> Methods: In total, 629 and 1,060 high school boys and girls, respectively, self-reported weekly frequency of protein, creatine, and dieting ... -
Training and influence of maximal strength in football players - With specific emphasis on females
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-11-26)Participation and interest in female football is rising. Football is considered a complex sport, where technical, tactical, and physiological traits are suggested to impact the players´ ability to perform. However, most research on physical testing and training prescription derives from males. Although research is emerging on the match demands of female football, how underlying physiological or ... -
Bacterial evolution on demand
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-06)Bacteria carry antibiotic resistant genes on movable sections of DNA that allow them to select the relevant genes on demand. -
Altered functional connectivity in adolescent anorexia nervosa is related to age and cortical thickness
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-06)Introduction - Functional networks develop throughout adolescence when anorexia nervosa (AN) normally debuts. In AN, cerebral structural alterations are found in most brain regions and may be related to the observed functional brain changes. Few studies have investigated the functional networks of the brain in adolescent AN patients.. The aim of this explorative study was to investigate multiple ... -
Complex lifestyle intervention among inactive older adults with elevated cardiovascular disease risk and obesity: a mixed-method, single-arm feasibility study for RESTART—a randomized controlled trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-27)Background - Physical inactivity and obesity are global public health challenges. Older adults are important to target for prevention and management of disease and chronic conditions. However, many individuals struggle with maintaining increased physical activity (PA) and improved diet. This feasibility study provides the foundation for the RESTART trial, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test ... -
Detection of xerostomia, Sicca, and Sjogren’s syndromes in a national sample of adults
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-27)Objectives - To assess the prevalence and determinants of xerostomia among adults and identify how many of the ones experiencing xerostomia have Sicca and Sjogren's syndromes.<p> <p>Materials and methods - This cross-sectional study included 1405 35–74-year-old Lithuanians (51.7% response rate) from the five largest Lithuanian cities and 10 peri-urban and rural areas that were randomly selected ... -
Associations between occupational therapy students’ academic performance and their study approaches and perceptions of the learning environment
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-18)Background - Relationships between students’ academic performance and their employed study approaches have been studied extensively. However, research using study approaches and learning environment factors as concurrent predictors of academic performance is sparse. There is a need to disentangle the potentially interrelated influences of individual and contextual factors on students’ academic ... -
Open chest and pericardium facilitate transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-17)<p><i>Background:</i> Transpulmonary passage of air emboli can lead to fatal brain- and myocardial infarctions. We studied whether pigs with open chest and pericardium had a greater transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli than pigs with closed thorax. <p><i>Methods:</i> We allocated pigs with verified closed foramen ovale to venous air infusion with either open chest with sternotomy and opening ... -
Samhandling. Hvilke utfordringer møter hjemmetjenesten ved tildeling av helse- og omsorgstjenester til flyttsamer som kommer til sin sommerhjemkommune?
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-10-30)Distriktsykepleie i samiske samfunn stiller særlige krav til innsikt og forståelse i samisk kultur og samfunnsforhold. Reindriftsamer er flyttsamer som flytter med familie og reinflokken til sitt hjem i sommerbeiteområdet hver vår og tilbake til vinterbeite om høsten. Noen eldre i familiene kan ha hjemmetjenestebehov både på vinter- og sommerboplassen. Samhandlingsreformen som ikke pålegger samhandling ... -
Gender differences in alcohol onset and drinking frequency in adolescents: an application of the theory of planned behavior
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-28)The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a model utilized to predict human behavior that was used to examine adolescents’ alcohol drinking behavior (onset and frequency of drinking). Longitudinal data collected over a 2 year period from Norwegian junior high school students (N ¼ 1,563) was used. Multilevel structural equation models was used to examine the utility of the TPB to explain variance ... -
Alderdom og livskvalitet i rurale kyststrøk; "Betydningen av uformell omsorg og lokal tilknytning som verdier for å leve en meningsfull alderdom i rurale strøk"
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-11-01)Bakgrunn Sykepleie i rurale områder krever generalistkompetanse og stor grad av fleksibilitet og selvstendighet. Det er utfordrende å tilby gode helsetjenester i distriktene i Finnmark. Store avstander og et arktisk klima forhindrer ofte enkel fremkommelighet. Etter å ha reist ut som sykepleier i distriktet i flere år ønsker jeg å finne ut av hva som gjør at de som lever der klarer seg med mindre ...
