Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet: Nye registreringer
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Artificial Intelligence Evaluation of 122969 Mammography Examinations from a Population-based Screening Program
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-29)Background - Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promising results for cancer detection with mammographic screening. However, evidence related to the use of AI in real screening settings remain sparse.<p> <p>Purpose - To compare the performance of a commercially available AI system with routine, independent double reading with consensus as performed in a population-based screening program. ... -
Classic pattern dyssynchrony is associated with outcome in patients with Fontan circulation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-02)Background - Morbidity and mortality increase as Fontan patients age into adulthood. Limited studies have examined cardiac magnetic resonance and echocardiographic parameters to predict death and transplantation in children after the Fontan operation. The aim of this study was to investigate echocardiographic parameters in adolescents and adults after Fontan operation, including myocardial mechanics ... -
Three essays on health and labour market participation
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-03-23)‘Good health for all’ and ‘employment for all’ are two widely agreed-upon goals in Norwegian politics. Nevertheless, considerable inequalities in health exist, and the economic sustainability of public pensions is pressured by a substantial increase in life expectancy. Improving our understanding of inequalities in health and the relationship between health detriments and labour market participation ... -
Mind-wandering: mechanistic insights from lesion, tDCS, and iEEG
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-24)Cognitive neuroscience has witnessed a surge of interest in investigating the neural correlates of the mind when it drifts away from an ongoing task and the external environment. To that end, functional neuroimaging research has consistently implicated the default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal control network (FPCN) in mind-wandering. Yet, it remains unknown which subregions within these ... -
Proposal of selective inhibitor for bacterial zinc metalloprotease: Molecular mechanics and ab initio molecular orbital calculations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-11)The zinc metalloprotease pseudolysin (PLN) secreted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa degrades extracellular proteins to produce bacterial nutrition, and various types of PLN inhibitors have been developed to suppress the bacterial growth. However, as the structure of the ligand-binding pocket of PLN has large similarities to those of human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other human zinc metalloprotease, ... -
Increasing access to cognitive screening in the elderly: Applying natural language processing methods to speech collected over the telephone
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-08-30)Barriers to healthcare access are widespread in elderly populations, with a major consequence that older people are not benefiting from the latest technologies to diagnose disease. Recent advances in the automated analysis of speech show promising results in the identification of cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as its purported pre-clinical stage. We utilized ... -
Implementation of Locoregional Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in a Rural Healthcare Region: Toxicity Outcomes in the Initial Cohort
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-29)Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the toxicity of locoregional adjuvant breast cancer radiotherapy after implementation of this service in a rural healthcare region with long travel distance. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective single-institution analysis of 87 consecutive female patients (the initial cohort), managed with conventionally fractionated 3-D conformal ... -
Feasibility and efficacy of early docetaxel plus androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer in a rural health care setting
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-17)Aim/Background - The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy, in terms of overall survival, of intensified upfront systemic therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer who lived in rural Nordland County, Norway.<p> <p>Patients and methods - Overall 117 patients were included in this retrospective study. Three cohorts were created: early docetaxel ... -
Survival and Early Death Within Three Months from the Start of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Different Types of Cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-31)Background/Aim: Implementation of new anticancer treatments in rural healthcare might not always result in identical survival outcomes as those seen in the randomized trials leading to approval. Therefore, the survival of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in Nordland county was analyzed. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 199 patients, mainly treated in adjuvant ... -
Using Automated Speech Processing for Repeated Measurements in a Clinical Setting of the Behavioral Variability in the Stroop Task
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-03-04)The Stroop interference task is indispensable to current neuropsychological practice. Despite this, it is limited in its potential for repeated administration, its sensitivity and its demands on professionals and their clients. We evaluated a digital Stroop deployed using a smart device. Spoken responses were timed using automated speech recognition. Participants included adult nonpatients (N = ... -
A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-20)Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that individuals’ subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably ... -
Evaluering av pilotprosjekt med primærhelseteam og alternative finansieringsordninger: Sluttrapport for 2018-2021 (Statusrapport IV).
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2022)Primærhelseteam (PHT) i fastlegekontor består av fastleger, sykepleiere og helsesekretærer, og teamet ledes av en fastlege. Formålet med organiseringen er å tilby bedre fastlegetjenester til pasienter som trenger det mest, blant annet i form av en mer systematisk oppfølging. Forsøket med PHT omfatter også utprøving av to nye finansieringsmodeller. Det er 17 legekontor som inngår i PHT-forsøket. ... -
Instagram-bidrag til Brystkreftforskning.no, Rosa sløyfe 2022
(Others; Andre, 2022)Bidrag til Brystkreftforskning.no sin Instagram-konto, i forbindelse med Rosa sløyfe 2022 -
Prior Action Direction of a Novel Agent Cues Spatial Attention in 7-Month-Old Infants
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-13)The present study investigated whether 7-month-old infants attribute directionality to an object after having observed it engage in agentive behavior and whether they maintain this attribution even when the agent is presented statically. Infants were familiarized with an object displaying either agentive behavioral cues (self-propelled, context-sensitive movement) or non-agentive motion (the same ... -
Exploring the genomes of the Norwegian vancomycin resistant enterococci
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-03-24)Enterococci are gram-positive commensals in the human gut microbiota that may cause severe infections, especially in immunocompromised and hospitalised patients. Their ability to accumulate antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes has been vital in their evolution into leading pathogens. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) are among the most important resistant pathogens causing outbreaks ... -
Social media interventions for autistic individuals: systematic review
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-03-01)Background: Research on the use of digital technologies for delivering behavioral interventions has shown mixed evidence on their efficacy for improving both autistic symptoms and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Little knowledge exists on the specific use or efficacy of using social media in interventions aimed at autistic individuals. <p><p>Objective: To review and describe the current existing ... -
Health and diseases of semi-domesticated reindeer in a climate change perspective
(Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2022-04-21)Climate change may affect reindeer herding and the health and disease of reindeer in several ways. One way of mitigating such changes is supplementary feeding, both in corrals and by bringing fodder to the animals on natural pastures. Feeding, when the right feed and feeding regime are used, may compensate for the loss of natural pastures and increase animal welfare. However, feeding may also cause ... -
Extended Coagulation Profiling in Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury: A CENTER-TBI Analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-16)Background Trauma-induced coagulopathy in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains associated with high rates of complications, unfavorable outcomes, and mortality. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Embedded in the prospective multinational Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study, coagulation profiles beyond standard conventional ... -
High arterial oxygen levels and supplemental oxygen administration in traumatic brain injury: insights from CENTER-TBI and OzENTER-TBI
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-20)Purpose The effect of high arterial oxygen levels and supplemental oxygen administration on outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is debated, and data from large cohorts of TBI patients are limited. We investigated whether exposure to high blood oxygen levels and high oxygen supplementation is independently associated with outcomes in TBI patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and ... -
Physical activity and the structure and function of the left side of the heart
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-03-16)Current knowledge about the relationship between exercise and cardiac remodelling is mostly based on studies of athletes. Little is known about cardiac adaptations to moderate doses of exercise in the general adult and elderly population, and whether exercise-induced cardiac remodelling is a benign physiological adaption of exercise or part of a pathophysiological mechanism. The main objective of ...