During infection, the rates of pathogen replication, death, and migration affect disease progression, dissemination, transmission, and resistance evolution. Here, we follow the population dynamics of Vibrio cholerae in a mouse model by labeling individual bacteria with one of >500 unique, fitness-neutral genomic tags. Using the changes in tag frequencies and CFU numbers, we inform a mathematical ...

Background: Body mass index (BMI, weight/height2) is a common proxy for body fatness, but it is negatively correlated with height. In Norway, the ethnic Sami people have had higher BMI and lower height than their non-Sami peers. This article aimed to examine if previous findings of higher obesity measures in Sami compared to non-Sami persist when applying an adequately height-corrected weight ...

Objective: Beyond reducing inflammation and troponin T (TnT) release, the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab reduces neutrophil counts in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). It is unclear if this is related to formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), carrying inflammatory and thrombotic properties.<p> <p>Methods - In a placebo-controlled ...

Hemodialysis reactions (HDRs) resemble complement-activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) to certain i.v. drugs, for which pigs provide a sensitive model. On this basis, to better understand the mechanism of human HDRs, we subjected pigs to hemodialysis using polysulfone (FX CorDiax 40, Fresenius) or cellulose triacetate (SureFlux-15UX, Nipro) dialyzers, or Dialysis exchange-set without membranes, ...

1. The abundance of the parasitic salmon louse has increased with the growth in aquaculture of salmonids in open net pens. This represents a threat to wild salmonid populations as well as a key limiting factor for salmon farming. The Norwegian ‘traffic light’ management system for salmon farming aims to increase aquaculture production while securing sustainable wild salmonid populations. However, ...

The purpose of this master's thesis was to investigate whether or not students who were identified with poor literacy skills at 3rd grade, displayed poor literacy skills at the start of 1st grade and in 2nd grade. The theoretical framework for the master's thesis is the prevailing etiological model for dyslexia, namely the Multiple Deficit Model (MDM). It suggests that dyslexia (and other developmental ...

The acquisition of Antimicrobial Multidrug Resistance (AMR) in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units (ICU) is a major global concern. This study analyses data in the form of multivariate time series (MTS) from 3476 patients recorded at the ICU of University Hospital of Fuenlabrada (Madrid) from 2004 to 2020. 18% of the patients acquired AMR during their stay in the ICU. The goal of ...

Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) is defined as chronic pelvic pain lasting for at least 3 months, often associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and/or sexual dysfunction [1]. Prostatitis is a common condition, with 35–50% of men affected by symptoms suggesting prostatitis during their lifetime. It is associated with negative psychological effects and substantial health ...

Background - Several hemostatic factors and inflammatory markers are associated with the risk of incident venous thromboembolism (VTE), however, most existing data are from case-control studies in Caucasian populations.<p> <p>Objectives - We aimed to prospectively confirm previous findings and explore less studied biomarkers in relation to VTE risk in a multi-racial/multi-ethnic cohort.<p> <p>Methods ...

<b>Aim:</b> The combination of iron deficiency and anaemia is a major health problem, and adolescents are an at- risk group. The main aim of this study was to explore the mag-nitude of these conditions among adolescents aged 15–19 and identify possible as-sociated risk factors. <br><b>Methods:</b> This population- based longitudinal study of adolescents in North Norway was conducted in 2010–2011, ...