This article examines the International Court of Justice’s methodology in cases where it interprets its own decisions under the procedure in Article 60 of the Statute. The Court is constrained by respect for the res judicata of the previous decision. When interpreting the decision the Court and its judges strive to find the intention behind a decision, and emphasise elements that include wording, ...

Innenfor den dynamiske tingsretten har hensynene til å motvirke kreditorsvik, notoritet, publisitet, legitimasjon og god tro vært fremhevet som sentrale. I nyere tid har også hensynet til koherens vært fremhevet i rettsdogmatiske fremstillinger av den dynamiske tingsretten. Artikkelen undersøker om, og eventuelt hvordan, hensynet til koherens kan få betydning ved tolkning av rettsspørsmål som faller ...

The Gulf of Finland has one of the busiest shipping routes globally and is the main export channel for Russian oil and gas. The Russian Federation has not closed its territorial sea for the east-west passage of ships to and from its ports. However, it has blocked over the past dozen years the north-south passage of an Estonian-Finnish commercial ferry line that has not received the Russian Federation’s ...

The legislation of Russia and Canada includes a veiled requirement to obtain prior authorization from the coastal State for merchant ships to navigate through large areas in the Arctic. The coastal State concept of prior authorization presupposes that a coastal State may legally give or withhold its consent to the passage of a vessel. In areas where flag States enjoy navigational rights or freedoms, ...

Med knapt flertall (45 mot 42 stemmer) endret Stortinget den 9. februar 2021 grunnsystemet for deltakelse og tildeling av kvoter i ervervsmessig fiske.

Environmental education research needs to take into account the relational dimension of the ecological challenges of our time. It requires the development of methodological techniques that prioritize community concerns, and generally foster positive relational dynamics of the research and study group. This leads to the construction of a research and educational approach around the collective and ...

The article describes some common features of Indigenous sea cosmovisions (through examples from Oceania and the Arctic region), from which an understanding of ocean governance rooted in the interconnectedness of all life and the importance of protecting water and people emerges. Hence, the model of ocean (or water) connectivity is characterized by the understanding of ocean-human relationships as ...

Article 234 of UNCLOS is in many ways exceptional, but it is not unique in the sense that it grants to the coastal state “complete” legislative power. Arguably, “complete” coastal state jurisdiction exists in the territorial sea for the purposes enumerated in Article 21(1), allowing coastal states to adopt ship reporting systems, pilotage, and other routing measures unilaterally. The analysis of ...

The research investigates the problems and maps the solutions to the serious threat that plastics pose to the oceans, food safety, and human health, with more than eight million tons of plastic debris dumped in the sea every year. The aim of this study is to explore how to better improve the regulatory process of ocean plastics by integrating scientific results, regulatory strategies and action plans ...

Den har vært antatt at det i Finnmark i eldre tid ikke eksisterte jordfellesskap eller teigblanding, da all jord tilhørte staten eller Kongen. Dermed var det heller ikke behov for utskiftning. Finnmark ble eksempelvis utelatt da Utskiftningsvæsenet ble opprettet i Norge i 1859, samtidig som historien forteller at den første utskiftningsformannen ble tilsatt i Finnmark i 1938. Det finnes imidlertid ...