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Exploring the Microbial Chassis-Effect: Implications Towards Greater Biodesign
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-12-11)As an engineering field, the goal of synthetic biology is to design, build and implement technological solutions that advance human capability. To achieve this, synthetic biologists must be open to exploring new avenues of engineering strategies and move beyond tradition. The host-chassis has historically been an overlooked design variable in the field of synthetic biology. We show in this thesis ... -
Molecular adaptations to diving-induced hypoxia. Diurnal variations in cellular and mitochondrial hypoxia tolerance in the hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-11-26)<p>Hypoxia may be defined as a state of O<sub>2</sub> deficiency in which cellular energetic homeostasis is challenged. Prolonged exposure to hypoxia can lead to a bioenergetic collapse as it induces a switch from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to a mainly glycolytic one, which is not sustainable over time. Recent evidence shows that mitochondrial metabolic response to hypoxia also depends on ... -
Unlocking the potential of sedimentary ancient DNA
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-11-15)Past ecosystem dynamics provide valuable information to inform current and future management. Ancient DNA has rapidly become a powerful tool in uncovering these lost environments. We demonstrate the ecological inferences made possible by metabarcoding analysis on sedimentary ancient DNA by investigating the role climate and glacial activity have had on a catchment’s vegetation community. We identified ... -
Market volatility and new evidence from media sentiment: An AI-driven approach
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-11-07)This dissertation stands at the intersection of finance and machine learning to empirically delve into the intricate relation between media sentiment and market volatility, covering various aspects of this dynamic. Through three research papers, the thesis presents a detailed investigation into how media—ranging from traditional news to social media platforms—shapes market behaviors and sentiments, ... -
Spatial and temporal patterns of mesozooplankton secondary production in the northern Barents Sea: Are small copepods important?
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-10-31)Measurements of secondary production—the generation of heterotrophic biomass over time—are scarce in Arctic marine ecosystems but crucial for studying food web dynamics. Large, lipid-rich copepods of the genus Calanus dominate Arctic mesozooplankton biomass, while small copepods (<2 mm adult size) are most abundant yet understudied due to study biases. This PhD thesis aimed to 1) elucidate spatial ... -
Stability and recovery of parasite communities in dynamic host environments
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-10-28)This thesis explores the stability and recovery of parasite communities within dynamic ecological environments, focusing on the host-parasite interactions in aquatic ecosystems. It uses Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.), a polymorphic European salmonid inhabiting diverse ecological niches, to investigate these interactions and their responses to environmental changes. The research comprises ... -
Development of a bioinformatic framework for the phylogenetic and structural analyses of protein evolution and co-evolution
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-08-20)This thesis investigates the evolution and co-evolution of proteins and their implications in molecular biology through a bioinformatics approach. It develops a framework for studying these processes that operates across the taxonomic scales and at the molecular level. This framework generates a large-scale overview of evolutionary patterns and pinpoints specific interaction sites in proteins, ... -
Aspects of the biological carbon pump in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic: Aggregation, vertical flux and pelagic-benthic coupling
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-06-28)The biological carbon pump (BCP) is a major component of earth’s biogeochemical cycle. In the Arctic, increasing air temperatures, declining sea-ice cover, and increasing influence of boreal water masses and coastal runoff lead to changes in Arctic ecosystems, with consequences for the BCP. To get a holistic understanding of the BCP, it is important to integrate findings from disciplines that tackle ... -
Life on Air: On the Physiological Basis of Atmospheric Methane Oxidizing Bacteria
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-06-11)Atmospheric methane oxidizing bacteria (atmMOB) are the only known organisms that can consume methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) directly from the air. Therefore, they are referred to as biological CH<sub>4</sub> sink. CH<sub>4</sub> is a potent greenhouse gas, and its increasing atmospheric concentration accelerates global warming. By consuming the CH<sub>4</sub> from the air, atmMOB mitigate global warming. ... -
Engineering novel bacterial biosensors for the characterization of membrane active natural products
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-06-10)<p>Treatment of bacterial infections has become more challenging due to the expansion of antibiotic resistance. Especially, resistant Gram-negative pathogens are burdening healthcare systems worldwide. This increases the need for new antibiotics able to penetrate the outer-membrane (OM) of Gram-negatives. Natural products (NPs) from the marine environment e.g. antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ... -
Antimicrobial activities and mechanisms of action of peptide analogues of marine origin
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-06-06)<p>Modern medicine is threatened by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). New agents with unique structures and mechanisms of action are urgently needed to address the problems associated with AMR. To effectively address this challenge, a proper understanding of the structure-activity relationship is required to decipher the mechanism of action of novel compounds. Template-based design ... -
Use of biodegradable plastic materials in gillnet and longline fisheries
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-05-22)Plast er blant de vanligste typene av forsøpling, og fiskeri representerer en av kildene til plastforurensning i det marine miljøet fra forlatt, mistet eller tapt fangstredskap (eng., ALDFG). Fordi plastmaterialer brukes i fiskeredskaper har ALDFG, inklusive garn og liner, negativ innvirkning på det marine miljøet. Bruk av biologisk nedbrytbare plastmaterialer i fiskeredskaper har potensial til å ... -
Integrating environmental DNA into marine management
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-05-14)Human-induced factors such as pollution, overfishing, habitat destruction and climate change, have precipitated a concerning decline in marine biodiversity, challenging the health and sustainability of marine ecosystems. While international conservation efforts have been initiated to address this crisis, they have frequently fallen short of achieving their objectives, mainly due to the lack of ... -
Bioactivity profiling and mode of action studies of antibacterial and antibiofilm agents of marine origin
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-01-26)<p>The emergence of drug-resistant strains and new pathogens intensifies the need for new antimicrobials. Additionally, bacterial biofilms, which contribute to persistent infections, further complicate treatment efforts. The increasing difficulty in discovering and developing new antimicrobials adds to this challenge. However, marine environments, with their vast biodiversity, offer a promising ... -
Vertical Carbon Export in a Changing Arctic Seasonal Ice Zone: Composition and seasonality in the area north of Svalbard and in an Arctic glacial fjord
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-11)The ocean’s biological carbon pump (BCP) is a vital part of the global carbon cycle as it produces, transforms, and transfers organic carbon from the surface ocean to the deep. To model the oceans capacity to store carbon today and in the future, we need to understand these processes well. In the Eurasian Arctic, the marine ecosystems who control most of the BCP face a rapid decline in sea ice cover, ... -
A study of economic efficiency, adaptive measures to extreme climatic events, and drivers of disease in Vietnamese white leg shrimp aquaculture
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-08)This thesis delves into three key research areas centered on shrimp farming: evaluating operational efficiency in shrimp farming, analyzing adaptive choices made by farmers, and forecasting disease occurrences in shrimp farms in the context of evolving climate and environmental influences. The research employed a blend of methodologies derived from pertinent literature, coupled with data acquired ... -
The influence of prey distribution on marine top predator movements
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-08)Predation is an ecological process that relies on spatial and temporal co-occurrence of predators and their prey. In marine ecosystems, killer and humpback whales are considered sentinels of ecosystem health, given their critical roles as top predators in shaping marine food webs and their responsiveness to ecosystem changes. As they are seldom influenced by natural threats, they are model species ... -
Foundations of GAM Research. Methodological Guidelines for Designing and Conducting Research that Combines Games and Agent-based Models
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-04)<p>This thesis presents the development of the games and agent-based model methodology and provides methodological guidelines for using GAM research, i.e., combining games and agent-based models in research. <p>GAM research is rooted in complexity sciences and transdisciplinary research, offering valuable insights into complex, adaptable systems. GAM research has particular relevance in decision-making ... -
A bioeconomic perspective on the Barents Sea snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio, Majidae) fishery
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-30)The focus of this thesis is the Barents Sea snow crab (<i>Chionoecetes opilio</i>, Majidae) fishery. The crab was first observed in the area in 1996, and a fishery for the crab commenced in 2012. Both the crab population and the fishery are still expanding. The main objective of this thesis is to develop research that contributes to an improved utilization of the crab. For this purpose, a spatial ... -
Calanus oil and its constituents as a therapeutic approach to target obesity-induced metabolic distortions
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-24)Obesity is one of the leading causes for the development of metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in seafood and marine oils, are shown to reduce obesity, lower blood lipid levels, change the composition of the gut microbiota and reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases. The increased demand for seafood and marine oils has put pressure on ...
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