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norskDoktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak): Recent submissions
Now showing items 61-80 of 734
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Men's Underrepresentation in Communal Occupations: A Social-Developmental Approach
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-23)This dissertation addresses psychological factors that contribute to the underrepresentation of men in communal occupations (i.e., occupations associated with communal traits, e.g., nurse), based on the theoretical perspectives from the developmental theory of occupational aspirations (Gottfredson, 1981) and the model of achievement-related choices (Eccles et al., 1983). The underrepresentation of ... -
Secondary Fracture Prevention and Forearm Fracture Epidemiology. NoFRACT – The Norwegian Capture the Fracture Initiative
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-17)<p><i>Background:</i> Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are common, and a burden to patients and society. Forearm fracture are a common fragility fracture. Anti-osteoporotic drugs (AODs) that reduce the risk of future fracture are available, but under 20% of fragility fracture patients receive AODs. To close this treatment gap Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) with systematic identification, ... -
Early Markers of Metabolic Dysregulation in Obese Individuals - Identification at Baseline and Effect of Modest Weight Loss
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-15)<p><i>Background:</i> Evidence suggests that the link between obesity and chronic lifestyle disease is chronic, low-grade inflammation. Leptin and adiponectin play principal roles in inducing inflammation and promoting insulin resistance, resulting in metabolic syndrome. Our study aimed to find clinically feasible biologic markers to identify metabolically dysregulated obese individuals and to study ... -
Deciphering human cell type enriched transcriptomes across tissue types and the functional study of the endothelial enriched protein KANK3
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-13)The identification of cell type-specific genes and their modification under certain conditions is essential for our understanding of the human body. Such knowledge also allows us to study the function of uncharacterised genes in the correct cell type. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) can be used to profile different cell types, but cell removal and processing can introduce artifacts. In the ... -
Temperature-dependent effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for cardiovascular support in hypothermic patients - Effects on cellular elimination of cAMP and cGMP
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-10)Hypothermia-induced cardiac dysfunction (HCD), commonly seen during rewarming, is one of the feared complications of accidental hypothermia. Animal studies with phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors and sodium nitroprusside have demonstrated positive effects on reversing HCD. These medications act by indirectly increasing intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine ... -
HPV mRNA and HPV DNA Tests in Cervical Cancer Screening
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-09)<p><i>Background:</i> Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. Cervical cancer screening (cytology or human papillomavirus [HPV] testing) and HPV vaccination can decrease cervical cancer incidence and mortality. However, because cytology-based screening has a low sensitivity to detect high-grade cervical lesions, several countries have replaced it with HPV test-based ... -
Integration and the Voluntary Sector: An Unfavourable Pairing, or the Perfect Match? - Exploring Integration Processes of Immigrants through and in the Voluntary Sector in Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-09)This thesis explores how volunteerism and processes of and around integration interact, and where and how the voluntary sector may facilitate – or hamper – integration processes in a Norwegian setting. It thus addresses the recent shift towards everyday life integration in Norwegian policymaking. The thesis scrutinizes power relations between the various actors in the field: policymakers, voluntary ... -
Cardiac remodelling in obesity- and angiotensin II-mediated heart failure: Morphological, functional and metabolic alterations
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-10-21)Heart failure is associated with altered myocardial substrate utilization and reduced cardiac efficiency - changes that are hallmarks in heart failure independent of disease aetiology. This thesis describes remodelling in two distinct models of heart failure, namely obesity-mediated cardiomyopathy and early failure induced using a low dose angiotensin II (AngII). The reported cardiac phenotype in ... -
Assessment of LDL and HDL Subfractions and Metrics of HDL Function in High-Risk Patients of Cardiovascular Disease: Evaluation of Four Different Interventions
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-10-27)Our research focused on assessing lipoprotein subfractions using the Lipoprint LDL® and HDL® system and evaluating metrics associated with HDL function. We examined data from four intervention trials involving high-risk patients of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The interventions included lifestyle changes followed by bariatric surgery for morbidly obese patients, statin and ezetimibe ... -
Effectiveness of school-based alcohol preventive interventions for adolescents
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-08-21)Early onset of alcohol consumption and early drunkenness, in particular, represent a risk factor for adolescents. Policy-makers and school professionals prioritize preventive alcohol interventions in schools. At the same time, the effectiveness of such interventions has been questioned. The major aim of this dissertation was to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based alcohol preventive programs ... -
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for patients with Alzheimer’s Disease - Exploring the influence of different stimulation parameters on treatment success
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-10-20)The aim of this thesis was to explore the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a symptom modifying treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. tDCS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique where weak direct current is delivered to the scalp, causing neuromodulation as it reaches the cortex. Even though promising, the results of clinicals studies have been mixed. This thesis explored ... -
The Endothelial Cell Response to Inflammation, the Functional Role of the Endothelial-enriched Protein KANK3 and the Adipose Tissue Transcriptome
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-10-25)<p>A compilation of three complementary projects explores various facets of endothelial cell biology and transcriptomics, illuminating the intricate dynamics underlying cellular responses to specific stimuli across different tissues. <p>The first project examines how endothelial cells react to the inflammatory molecule tumour necrosis factor (TNF), by studying these cells over time after TNF ... -
Gene expression in blood and cancer risk factors – Investigating associations of blood gene expression with Smoking, BMI, and Menopause in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) postgenome cohort
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-10-24)<p><i>Background:</i> Linking blood gene expression and common cancer risk factors represents an intriguing approach for gaining valuable biological insights. Smoking and obesity are important modifiable cancer risk factors. Menopause is also an important factor due to its impact on cancer risk. Still, there is limited or no research evaluating associations of blood gene expression profiles with ... -
On the path to healing - A qualitative longitudinal study of colorectal cancer patients’ accounts of trajectories to healing in Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-10-18)<p><i>Background:</i> Persons diagnosed with cancer often suffer from long-term illness and have complex needs. Survival rates for cancer are increasing, although survivors’ quality of life may be severely compromised following cancer treatment. The National Cancer Strategy (2018-2022) aims to enhance individual care and quality of life for Norwegian cancer patients. In the past decade, person-centered ... -
Prevention of Fetal/Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) by prophylactic monoclonal antibodies. In vitro and preclinical evaluation of HPA-1a-specific antibodies
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-10-19)The focus of this thesis is the condition fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) where maternal alloantibodies toward paternally inherited human platelet antigens (HPAs) cause depletion of fetal platelets. Clinical outcomes are heterogenous and can be asymptomatic, mild or severe bleedings, where intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is the feared outcome as it may lead to lifelong disabilities ... -
Zinc binding and chelating compounds as inhibitors of bacterial metalloproteases and human matrix metalloproteases
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-10-13)Bacterial multi-drug resistance is a major health problem worldwide. Inhibition of bacterial virulence is suggested to be a promising strategy in the development of new antibacterial drugs. The present work has focused on identifying new inhibitors of the bacterial virulence factors thermolysin (TLN), pseudolysin (PLN, LasB) and aureolysin (ALN), which are all zinc metalloproteases (MPs) using enzyme ... -
Health care professionals’ caretaking of persons with dementia who use dietary supplements
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-10-12)Persons with dementia experience progressive loss of cognitive functioning and increasing need for help with activities of daily living, including help with administering their prescribed drugs (PD). This thesis describes the use of dietary supplements (DS) (including herbs) by persons with dementia and the risk related to their use, as DS may cause adverse effects. It further describes the awareness ... -
Complementary and alternative medicine use for supportive care in childhood cancer - Prevalence of use, effectiveness, safety and clinical practice
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-10-03)<p>Childhood cancer treatment protocols have been successful due to the prompt and accurate diagnosis, availability of care, and access to high-quality medical resources. As the survival rates increase in high-income countries (HIC), the emphasis has shifted from survival to survival, emphasizing quality of life. The health complaints and adverse effects of cancer treatment are burdensome for children, ... -
Novel serum biomarkers and their association with measured and estimated GFR decline in the general population
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-09-29)Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health problem globally, now affecting 8-13% of the world’s population. The prevalence of CKD increases dramatically with age because kidney function, as assessed by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), declines with age. The rate of GFR loss varies significantly between individuals regardless of known risk factors. However, current kidney biomarkers ... -
Neural mechanisms of the wandering mind
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-09-22)The human mind wanders spontaneously and pervasively throughout daily life, pursuing trains of thought that are untethered to the world around us. Although mapping the many facets of mind wandering has become a compelling objective in the cognitive neurosciences, researchers have yet to achieve a congruous mechanistic account of its neurobiological underpinnings. In this thesis, a multidisciplinary ...
