Doktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak): Nye registreringer
Viser treff 541-560 av 713
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Oral health among children in the Barents region: study on determinants of child’s oral health, their oral related quality of life and quality of dental care
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-05-15)In most industrialised countries, children’s and adolescents’ oral health has improved during the past 15 years. This is especially the case in the Nordic and Western European countries. The aim of the present series of studies was to assess the dental status, its determinants and oral health related quality of life in 12-year olds children from two regions in the Barents area, in Northern Norway ... -
Associations between Primary Health Care- and Hospital Utilization among Elderly People in Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-12-11)Summary Background: Geographical variations in health-care utilization in many countries have been an area of debate. Health-care supply factors, population and/or environmental need factors might explain the so-called small-area variations (SAVs). Demographic forecasts indicated a significant increase in the elderly population over the next few decades, with a resulting increased need for ... -
Physiotherapy and professional clinical guidance in an out-patient clinic for people with multiple sclerosis : body and movement in sense making and professional development
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-08-30)Enkeltkonsultasjoner hos fysioterapeut og klinisk veiledning av kommunefysioterapeuter foregår i enkelte MS-poliklinikker. Målet for studien var å utvikle kunnskapsbasen for denne tjenesten med utgangspunkt i brukerperspektiv samt teorigrunnlaget for nevrologisk fysioterapi. Studien inkluderer en spørreundersøkelse blant 72 personer med multippel sklerose (PmMS), kvalitativt forskningsintervju ... -
Vertebral fractures: Prevalence, risk factors, and health-related quality of life. A cross-sectional study The Tromsø study 2007/2008
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-08)Summary Background: Osteoporotic fractures constitute a major health burden in western societies. Forearm, vertebral-, and hip fractures are the most common types. Norway has the highest reported prevalence of forearm- and hip fractures. Little data has been available concerning vertebral fractures, although these, together with the hip fractures, are associated with increased morbidity ... -
A population-based study of health care utilisation according to care level, socio-economic group, and continuity of primary care. The Tromsø Study.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-01)Forskning på bruk av helsetjenester har ikke vært høyt prioritert i Norge. Kunnskap om forbruksmønstre i ulike befolkningsgrupper er derfor begrenset. I tre separate studier ønsket vi å estimere forbruket av sju ulike helsetjenester, utforske forbruket av helsetjenester i ulike sosioøkonomiske grupper, samt teste assosiasjonen mellom kontinuitet i fastlegerelasjonen og bruk av spesialisthelsetjenester. ... -
Social determinants of self-rated health and cardiovascular disease among the Sami and other Arctic indigenous peoples. The SLiCA study and the SAMINOR study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-07)The post-World War II years in the Arctic were characterised by an intensification of sociocultural change. Previous studies among indigenous peoples show that colonialism, rapid modernisation and subsequent marginalisation and sociocultural change are accompanied by overall ill health and a negative cardiovascular risk profile and disease burden. Paper I showed that aggregate acculturation was a ... -
Electronically available symptom data – usefulness and feasibility of syndromic surveillance and health care service improvements
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-10-11)Avhandlingen fokuserer på elektronisk tilgjengelige symptom data, nytte og gjennomførbarhet mht sykdomsovervåking og helsetjeneste forbedringer. To hovedspørsmål er adressert: 1. Er et nytt system for overvåkning av smittsomme sykdommer nødvendig, og i så tilfelle, hva er den mest pålitelige og egnede datakilden? Både data hentet fra EPJ-systemer, og pre-konsultasjon symptom-data rapportert av ... -
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries : risk factors, episiotomy characteristics, and pelvic floor dysfunction
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-14)Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are well known and serious complications of vaginal delivery. The incidence in Norway increased from below 1.0% in the 1960s to 4.3% in 2004. As a consequence a national strategy to reduce the number of OASIS was initiated by the Directorate for Health and Social affairs/National Advisory Committee for Obstetrics. As a part of this strategy an interventional ... -
Dyspepsia in the young adult patient: Management strategies in the era of declining Helicobacter pylori prevalence and increasing antimicrobial resistance
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-06-21)Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main cause of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), followed by regular consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The occurrence of gastric cancer is very low below the age of 45-50 years and thus does not justify any kind of symptom-based endoscopic screening. H. pylori also plays a well-documented, but minor role in functional dyspepsia (FD). In ... -
Short Lytic Anticancer Peptides as a Novel Therapy against Cancer
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-09-06)Cancer is the leading cause of deaths worldwide, with a significant increase in the number of annual incidents. Concurrently, cancer-related therapy has been met with a number of challenges, such as toxic side effects and an increase in multi-drug resistant cancer cells, thereby spawning a need for new and improved therapies. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs) are naturally occurring molecules ... -
Stabilization groups for heterogeneous samples of trauma clients : presentation of a new treatment approach, and a hermeneutical-phenomenological analysis of help seeking, treatment participation, and ways to positive change.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-04)Trauma-specific treatment groups have traditionally been offered based on the type of trauma exposure. This has left such treatment unavailable to trauma clients in areas where homogenous trauma groups cannot be offered, such as rural areas. In this thesis a new treatment approach is presented, an inclusive stabilization group, which can be applied in a broader range of settings. Qualitative, ... -
Progressive lupus nephritis : biological consequences of renal DNaseI gene silencing
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-10-11)Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is an autoimmune syndrome which occurs most often between the ages 10-50 years. Lupus nephritis is the most severe clinical manifestation of SLE. 30-60% of the SLE patients may develop lupus nephritis during lifetime. At a certain time point in the life of (NZBxNZW) F1 mice prone to develop lupus nephritis, the expression of renal DNaseI endonuclease is lost. This ... -
Unguided Internet-based self-help for symptoms of depression : a translation project: From planning and establishing the efficacy to dissemination and cost-benefit evaluatio
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-09-30)Depresjon har relativt høy livstidsprevalens og kan være forbundet med betydelig funksjonshemming. Forebyggende tiltak kan redusere utvikling og forekomst av kronisk depresjon, de negative følgene av depresjon, tilbakefall og behovet for tid- og kostnadskrevende behandling. Evidensbasert psykologisk behandling som kognitiv atferdsterapi har vist seg å være effektiv behandling av depresjon. ... -
Prognostic value of adaptive and innate immune system in soft tissue sarcomas
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-09-26)The purpose of this study was to clarify the prognostic significance of the adaptive and innate immune system in soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Prognostic markers in potentially curable STS should guide therapy after surgical resection. The immune status at the time of resection may be important, but the prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes is controversial as the immune system has ... -
"Samer snakker ikke om helse og sykdom". Samisk forståelseshorisont og kommunikasjon om helse og sykdom. En kvalitativ undersøkelse i samisk kultur
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2012-12-03)Hovedspørsmålet i avhandlingen er: Hvilke forståelser kan være aktuelle i samiske samfunn når det gjelder helse og sykdom? Dette er en undersøkelse i samisk kultur, basert på intervju med 21 samisktalende samer i Finnmark. Det er en utforskende studie som belyser en samisk forståelse når det gjelder helse og sykdom. Det tas ikke sikte på å generalisere funnene til alle samer. Metodologisk bygger ... -
Blood gene expression, lifestyle and diet - The Norwegian Women and Cancer Post-genome Cohort
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-10-04)Livsstil og kosthold er risikofaktorer for kreft, kardiovaskulære og inflammatoriske sykdommer, men hvilke molekylære mekanismer som er involvert er ikke fullt ut beskrevet. Teknologi som microarray (mikromatriser) brukes i stor grad for å utforske disse mekanismene, men resultater fra modellsystemer som cellekulturer og forsøksdyr reflekterer ikke nødvendigvis menneskets biologi så godt som man ... -
The Chain of Survival. Studies of a prehospital trauma system in Iraq
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-09-06)Most trauma deaths in war occur outside hospital, in the mine fields and on the way to hospital. To improve survival, a prehospital trauma system was set up in 1997 by the PhD candidate with trauma experts from UNN in the minefields of North Iraq. The model worked well and reduced death rates from 40% to 10%. The model was further refined and adapted to manage highway traffic casualties, and in 2003 ... -
Death after trauma in the rural High North
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-09-18)The work of this thesis was initiated because Finnmark County had a mortality rate from external causes well above national average for several decades. The aims of the thesis were to 1) investigate possible reasons for Finnmark’s’ elevated death rate from external causes, 2) identify challenges that a trauma system in Scandinavia must be tailored to meet, and 3) find access points to limit ... -
Psykiske belastninger ved svangerskap og fødsel - med fokus på fødselsangst, ønske om keisersnitt og tidligere seksuelle overgrep
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-09-06)Bakgrunn: Forløp og utfall av en fødsel har i liten grad vært satt i sammenheng med tidligere belastende livshendelser og psykiske problem. I avhandlingens seks delstudier har vi undersøkt noen aspekter ved fødselsangst og ønske om å bli forløst med keisersnitt, utfallet av den første fødselen til kvinner som har vært utsatt for voldtekt som voksen og seksuelle overgrep som barn, samt analysert ... -
The effect of sleeping patterns on mental distress and overweight risk under shifting light conditions in north Norway: Some findings from the Tromsø Study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-06-28)This dissertation presents the results from three studies that aimed to investigate sleep-wake rhythms and certain health risks in a subarctic community. Sleep timing and duration are influenced by outdoor light, and the darkness of winter has been found to impact the level of mental distress and sleeping problems. Sleep duration, chronotype (preference for being active during the morning or evening) ...