Doktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak): Nye registreringer
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Proteases from seafood as activators of protease-activated receptor-2 in airway epithelial cells
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-12-03)The work is part of a larger thematic research initiative, “Airway reactions to biological particles derived from seafood”, and was initiated in 2005 after a study conducted in the Norwegian fish industry revealed increased airway symptoms in fish industry workers. The thesis investigates the ability fish and king crab trypsins have to affect airway epithelial cells and the initiation of intracellular ... -
On mobile genetic elements in enterococci : adding more facets to the complexity
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-10-01)Enterokokker er en viktig bakterie i vår normale tarm-flora, men økende virulens og resistens mot antibiotika har gjort disse bakteriene til et økende sykehusrelatert problem i den vestlige verden. Spredning av virulens og resistens skjer i hovedsak via gener som er i stand til å overføres fra en resistent bakterie til en som ikke er det. Kunnskapen om enterokokkers genetikk og disse mobile genene ... -
Young adults and seafood : using the voice of consumers to develop new seafood product concepts aimed at increasing consumption
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-09-24)Young adults do not eat seafood frequently enough because they lack knowledge about the preparation of a quick and easy meal with seafood. One of the ways to improve this situation is to offer young adults a product which is based on their needs and helps them to eat seafood more frequently. The first survey study showed a positive association between health involvement, attitudes towards seafood ... -
Body composition, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D : results from the Tromsø Study and from an intervention study with high doses of cholecalciferol
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2009-06-18)I den epidemiologiske delen har vi brukt data fra den fjerde og den femte Tromsø undersøkelsen. Vi fant at kroppsmasseindeks (KMI) var nært knyttet til røykestatus og at personer som røkte 5–10 sigaretter per dag hadde lavest KMI. Vi fant også at personer med høyt nivå av parathyroideahormon (PTH, er sentralt hormon i kalkstoffskiftet) hadde lavere beintetthet og større fettmasse enn personer med ... -
Virtual dissection of cardiac motion : what do we measure by strain and strain rate imaging?
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-09-17)Since the introduction of strain and strain rate measurements in echocardiography of the heart, many studies have demonstrated that these parameters quantify effectively and precisely regional myocardial deformation. The method allows to measure and quantify regional myocardial function. Different cardiac diseases might be detected at an earlier stage. However, there are many factors influencing ... -
The Murmansk county birth registry (MCBR) : the implementation and applicability of a population-based medical birth registry in the Russian Arctic
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2009-09-04)The Murmansk County Birth Registry (MCBR) was initiated on January 1. 2006. Currently (April 2009) the MCBR has registered over 26 000 births. The registry covers a geographical area known as the Kola Peninsula in Northwest Russia, which is almost entirely located above the Arctic Circle. Murmansk County is about half the size of Norway and had 857 000 inhabitants in 2008. All the 15 delivery ... -
A five-year prospective follow-up of longstanding eating disorders : influence from personality disorders and child sexual abuse
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-05-05)Follow-up studies have shown that 20-30% of patients with eating disorders develop longstanding symptoms seriously impairing their daily life. There are very few studies on the course of these patients. <br>This dissertation consists of three papers on patients admitted to a specialized inpatient treatment program at the Modum Bad psychiatric hospital. The participants were assessed upon admission, ... -
Differential processing strategies in face perception
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-09-24)Faces constitute a unique object class in that they include extensive information about many aspects of human interaction, and still imply expert processing of individual subordinate-level objects. It is necessary to understand such a basic skill before progress in applied research can take place. The present thesis describes several experimental studies that investigated different basic attributes ... -
The role of the estrogen receptor α in the medial amygdala and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in sexual motivation, social recognition, aggression and anxiety
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-09-01)Estrogens have been shown to be implicated not only in sexual behaviors but also in several cognitive functions, social behaviors, and emotional reactions. Estrogen receptors mediate estrogen actions in the brain and the estrogen receptor α (ERα) has attracted some attention. Although the display of female sexual motivation and copulatory behaviors require estrogens, their sites of action in brain ... -
Hormone therapy use, sex hormone concentrations and gene expression : The Norwegian Women and Cancer study (NOWAC)
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-08-27)I følge salgsstatistikken økte forbruket av hormontilskudd kraftig i Norge på 1990-tallet, men avtok fra 2002. Både hormontilskudd og kroppens egenproduserte kjønnshormoner er relatert til kreft hos kvinner, bl.a. brystkreft. Kreft karakteriseres ved ukontrollert celledeling som utvikles gradvis gjennom endringer i genmaterialet. Teknologisk utvikling gjør det mulig å utforske sammenhenger mellom ... -
The prognostic significance of the innate and adaptive immune systems in non-small cell lung carcinoma
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-05-27)Lungekreft er knyttet til røyking og har den høyeste dødelighet av alle andre krefttyper. Hvert år får ca. 1,3 millioner mennesker av begge kjønn denne sykdommen på verdensbasis og mer enn 1,1 millioner mennesker dør av den. En britisk analyse publisert i forskningsmagasinet Nature, bekreftet at det forskes lite på lungekreft i forhold til andre kreftformer. I analysen sto lungekreft bak 22 prosent ... -
The sick-listed : an under-recognised resource in handling sickness absence
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2006-04-29)In July 1993, several measures to stimulate return to work, like Active Sick Listing, formal decisions on sick leave beyond 12 weeks and commitments for employers to consider potential job adjustment were incorporated. The role of sickness as main cause to be entitled sickness benefits was simultaneously emphasised. However, despite av increasing focus on improving the necessary medical certificates ... -
Incidence of and risk factors for myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes mellitus in a general population : the Finnmark study 1974-1989
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 1998) -
Ankylosing spondylitis, aortic regurgitation, acetabular dysplasia and osteoarthritis of the hip : an epidemiological survey in a Norwegian Sámi population
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2009-04-03) -
Retro-trochanteric sciatica-like pain : in-depth analyses of clinical symptoms, treatment options, histological and ultra structural findings in tendon biopsies
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-05-28)I vår praksis ved sykehuset møtte vi stadig pasienter med uforklarlige smerter i hofte og lår, og utstråling til legg. Siden en muskel (piriformis) tidligere hadde vært beskrevet å klemme mot ischiasnerven, ville vi gjøre mer systematiske studier av dette tidligere beskrevne syndromet. Ved operasjon fant vi at en annen muskel (obturatorius internus) klemte over ischiasnerven. Oppfølgningsstudier har ... -
Activity related pain in patients with musculoskeletal disorders : an explorative study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-02-26)Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a common health problem and a major cause for disability pension in Norway. Increased pain and fear related to general activity and exercise may be a barrier to rehabilitation of patients with chronic muscular-skeletal disorders. <br>The aim of the present research was to investigate the occurrence of activity related pain, and to explore its association with fear, ... -
Molecular diagnosis of low intensity Schistosoma japonicum infections
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-03-08)<i>Introduction:</i> <br>Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic fluke. The adult worms live as a pair in the small mesenteric blood vessels along the intestines. The eggs are excreted in the stool. It is endemic mainly in parts of China and the Philippines with the estimated prevalence in humans exceeding a million cases. Successful control programmes have run for several decades with the result that ... -
Nursing homes as learning environments : a study of experiences and perceptions of nursing students and supervising nurses
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-06-03)Avhandlingen bygger på 12 sykepleiestudenters erfaringer og oppfatninger om sykehjem som læringsmiljø for praksisstudier i eldreomsorg, og hvordan et utvalg på 407 norske sykepleierstudenter evaluerer læringsmiljøet i sykehjem og sykehus. Videre har jeg intervjuet 11 sykepleiere om deres syn på læringsmiljøet i sykehjem. <br>Levealderen i Norge ventes å øke, og man må regne med at fremtidens ... -
Living with ethical dilemmas : the ethical reasoning of surgeons and nurses in surgical units
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-04-13)The aim of this thesis is to illuminate surgeons’ and nurses’ experiences of living with ethical dilemmas in their work. The thesis comprises the kinds of ethical dilemmas experienced from the practitioners’ own point of view, and explores their way of reasoning, deliberating and acting in ethically difficult situations, including the meaning they assign to their experiences. The data collection ... -
Personality characteristics and vulnerability to depression : a cross-sectional and longitudinal perspective
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2009-12-04)Depression is a serious disorder due to its highly relapsing and recurrent course, thereby highlighting the necessity to identify vulnerability factors in order to prevent and treat its course. The present thesis investigated temperament and character traits, dysfunctional attitudes, and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in clinically depressed (CDs), previously depressed (PDs), and never depressed ...