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norskInstitutt for arktisk og marin biologi
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Chemolithoautotrophic bacteria flourish at dark water–ice interfaces of an emerged Arctic cold seep
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-09-12)Below their ice shells, icy moons may offer a source of chemical energy that could support microbial life in the absence of light. In the Arctic, past and present glacial retreat leads to isostatic uplift of sediments through which cold and methane-saturated groundwater travels. This fluid reaches the surface and freezes as hill-shaped icings during winter, producing dark ice–water interfaces above ... -
Genetics in the Ocean's Twilight Zone: Population Structure of the Glacier Lanternfish Across Its Distribution Range
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-11-06)The mesopelagic zone represents one of the few habitats that remains relatively untouched from anthropogenic activities. Among the many species inhabiting the north Atlantic mesopelagic zone, glacier lanternfish (Benthosema glaciale) is the most abundant and widely distributed. This species has been regarded as a potential target for a dedicated fishery despite the scarce knowledge of its population ... -
Environmental stressors and zoonoses in the Arctic: Learning from the past to prepare for the future
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-17)The risk of zoonotic disease transmission from animals to humans is elevated for people in close contact with domestic and wild animals. About three-quarters of all known human infectious diseases are zoonotic, and potential health impacts of these diseases are higher where infectious disease surveillance and access to health care and public health services are limited. This is especially the case ... -
Borealization impacts shelf ecosystems across the Arctic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-24)Climate change is rapidly modifying biodiversity across the Arctic, driving a shift from Arctic to more boreal ecosystem characteristics. This phenomenon, known as borealization, is mainly described for certain functional groups along sub-Arctic inflow shelves (Barents and Chukchi Seas). In this review, we evaluate the spatial extent of such alterations across the Arctic, as well as their effects ... -
Which ecological factors influence the level of intraspecific diversity within post-glacial fishes? A case study using Coregonus and Salvelinus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-11-05)1. While it is likely that ecological context is important, the factors that facilitate and maintain variable levels of intraspecific diversity in Salmonidae fishes across environments remain unclear.<p> <p>2. Using a meta-analysis of sympatric ecotype assemblages from two salmonid genera—Salvelinus and Coregonus—we evaluated the importance of ecological factors determining the number of sympatric ... -
Essential omega-3 fatty acids are depleted in sea ice and pelagic algae of the Central Arctic Ocean
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-19)Microalgae are the main source of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essential for the healthy development of most marine and terrestrial fauna including humans. Inverse correlations of algal EPA and DHA proportions (% of total fatty acids) with temperature have led to suggestions of a warming-induced decline in the global production of these biomolecules ... -
Predicting trawl catches using environmental DNA
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-07)Quantifying the biomass, or number of individuals, diversity, and distribution of marine species is a critical aspect of understanding and managing marine ecosystems. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using environmental DNA (eDNA) for marine ecosystem management and biodiversity assessment. However, the main challenge hindering eDNA applicability has been the inability to infer ... -
Screening for viruses using unicellular eukaryotes as hosts
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-11-15)This master’s project delves into the microbial diversity of the Arctic region, with focus on the isolation and characterization of a yeast of the Cystobasidium genus and likely viruses capable of infecting it. The research also shows preliminary results pointing at the movement and chemotaxis capabilities of the yeast, presenting findings that have the potential to shape our understanding of microbial ... -
Ecosystem structure and function of the North Water Polynya
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-14)The North Water Polynya is one of the most productive Arctic regions on Earth, sustaining the world's northernmost Inuit communities for millennia. The polynya is a large and persistent region of open water surrounded by sea ice and exhibits high primary productivity, is a biodiversity hotspot, and is a key habitat and migration corridor for Arctic species. Many aspects of the ecosystem structure ... -
Characterization of Monocarboxylate Transporters in the Brain of the Hooded Seal (Cystophora cristata) Reveal Possible Biochemical Adaptation to Diving
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-29)Diving mammals are perpetually required to manage low-oxygen conditions throughout their lives. The mammalian brain is an organ particularly vulnerable to low oxygen levels due to its high energy demands, which require steady aerobic ATP production. The brain of the deep- diving hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) demonstrates remarkable tolerance to hypoxia. Studies suggest that this brain hypoxia ... -
Benthic Megafauna Biodiversity Associated to Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems in Norwegian waters
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-15)The biodiversity of benthos is influenced by habitat forming taxa defining Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VME). Such indicator taxa are used to identify and designate VME areas, but their numerical relation to benthic biodiversity is not known. In this thesis I address the relationship between abundance of VME indicator-taxa and megabenthos biodiversity in Norwegian waters. The main objectives were ... -
The emerging picture of a diverse deep Arctic Ocean seafloor: From habitats to ecosystems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-04)Interest in the deep Arctic Ocean is rapidly increasing from governments, policy makers, industry, researchers, and conservation groups, accentuated by the growing accessibility of this remote region by surface vessel traffic. In this review, our goal is to provide an updated taxonomic inventory of benthic taxa known to occur in the deep Arctic Ocean and relate this inventory to habitat diversity. ... -
Benthic remineralization under future Arctic conditions and evaluating the potential for changes in carbon sequestration in warming sediments
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-07)Benthic (seafloor) remineralization of organic material determines the fate of carbon in the ocean and its sequestration. Bottom water temperature and labile carbon supply to the seafloor are expected to increase in a warming Arctic and correspondingly, benthic remineralization rates. We provide some of the first experimental data on the response of sediment oxygen demand (SOD), an established proxy ... -
Characterizing humpback whale behavior along the North-Norwegian coast
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-09)Background - Studying movement patterns of individual animals over time can give insight into how they interact with the environment and optimize foraging strategies. Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) undertake long seasonal migrations between feeding areas in polar regions and breeding grounds in tropical areas. During the last decade, several individuals have had up to a 3-month stop-over ... -
Integrated approach-based groundwater mapping in sohag governorate, upper Egypt, using remote sensing and aeromagnetic data
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-09-12)Introduction: Groundwater demand has been considerably heightened due to rapid urban growth, specifically in arid areas that rely primarily on groundwater. This study aims to utilize remote sensing and aeromagnetic data, combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based GIS, to evaluate potential groundwater zones in the Sohag area, Egypt.<p> <p>Methods: Nine thematic layers, including ... -
Testing the radiation cascade in postglacial radiations of whitefish and their parasites: founder events and host ecology drive parasite evolution
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-19)Reciprocal effects of adaptive radiations on the evolution of interspecific interactions, like parasitism, remain barely explored. We test whether the recent radiations of European whitefish (Coregonus spp.) across and within perialpine and subarctic lakes promote its parasite Proteocephalus fallax (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) to undergo host repertoire expansion via opportunity and ecological fitting, ... -
Integration of AI Training in the Field of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria: An Overview
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-09-27)The presented work provides a comprehensive evaluation of the current availability of education programs and courses related to of AI the field of Information Technologies and Computer Science in higher education institutions (HIEs) in the Republic of Bulgaria. More specifically, this study examines 163 bachelor’s and 239 master’s degree programs from 28 HEIs available during the 2023/24 academic ... -
Land cover succession for recently drained lakes in permafrost on the Yamal Peninsula, Western Siberia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-17)Drained lake basins (DLBs) are dominant features in lowland permafrost landscapes of the Arctic. Here, we present a novel approach describing and quantifying the succession progression of recently drained basins using a land cover unit retrieval scheme developed specifically for the Arctic tundra biome. The complementarity between land cover units and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ... -
Loop analysis quantifying important species in a marine food web
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-10)Improving the predictive power of food web analysis is a major challenge. Identifying the relationships that link topological and dynamical features may help. We used the predictions of loop analysis about the effect of perturbations targeted to the components of Barents sea food web to quantify their sensitivity and community impact, that we summarized in two new indices, NI and NS. Using a ... -
Whole-ocean network design and implementation pathway for Arctic marine conservation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-25)Forestalling the decline of global biodiversity requires urgent and transformative action at all levels of government and society, particularly in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas where rapid changes are already underway. Amid growing scientific support and mounting pressure, the majority of nations have committed to the most ambitious conservation targets yet. However, without an approach ...
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