Fakultet for biovitenskap, fiskeri og økonomi: Recent submissions
Now showing items 861-880 of 5173
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Accounting for Uncertainties in Biodiversity Estimations: A New Methodology and Its Application to the Mesopelagic Sound Scattering Layer of the High Arctic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-27)Measures of biological diversity (biodiversity) are important for monitoring the state of ecosystems. Several indices and methods are used to describe biodiversity from field observations. Marine faunal biodiversity is often quantified based on analysis of samples collected using a trawl during research surveys. To monitor spatial and temporal changes in biodiversity between surveys, samples are ... -
Impact of a Dinophysis acuminata Bloom on the Copepod Acartia clausi: First Indications
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-12)Faecal pellet production and content along with egg production of the dominant copepod species Acartia clausi were studied in the Thermaikos Gulf (NW Aegean Sea) during a prebloom and a bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata. Both faecal pellet production (6.8–8.6 ind<sup>−1</sup> d <sup>−1</sup> ) and egg production (15.8–47.6 ind<sup>−1</sup> d <sup>−1</sup> ) appeared unrelated ... -
Environment Constrains Fitness Advantages of Division of Labor in Microbial Consortia Engineered for Metabolite Push or Pull Interactions
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-06-28)Fitness benefits from division of labor are well documented in microbial consortia, but the dependency of the benefits on environmental context is poorly understood. Two synthetic Escherichia coli consortia were built to test the relationships between exchanged organic acid, local environment, and opportunity costs of different metabolic strategies. Opportunity costs quantify benefits not realized ... -
New records of land-snail species from caves of Mato Grosso state, Midwest Brazil (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha and Stylommatophora)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-11-14)Recent collection efforts in caves of Mato Grosso state, Brazilian Midwest, have brought to light specimens of four Neritimorpha and Stylommatophora land-snail species previously unrecorded from that state: Helicina fulva d’Orbigny, 1835 (Family Helicinidae), Streptartemon abunaensis (F. Baker, 1914) and Streptartemon decipiens (Crosse, 1865) (family Streptaxidae), and Systrophia alcidiana Ancey, ... -
Genomic Consequences of Fragmentation in the Endangered Fennoscandian Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2022-11-15)Accelerating climate change is causing severe habitat fragmentation in the Arctic, threatening the persistence of many cold-adapted species. The Scandinavian arctic fox (V. lagopus) is highly fragmented, with a once continuous, circumpolar distribution, it struggled to recover from a demographic bottleneck in the late 19th century. The future persistence of the entire Scandinavian population is ... -
Temporal stability of polymorphic Arctic charr parasite communities reflects sustained divergent trophic niches
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-11-05)Polymorphic Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus populations frequently display distinct differences in habitat use, diet, and parasite communities. Changes to the relative species densities and composition of the wider fish community have the potential to alter the habitat niche of sympatric Arctic charr populations. This study evaluated the temporal stability of the parasite community, diet, and stable ... -
Managing size selectivity: the relevance of compulsory and alternative selection devices in the Northeast Atlantic bottom trawl fishery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-14)Two decades of use of the compulsory selectivity gear configuration in the Northeast Atlantic bottom trawl fishery, which consists of a rigid sorting grid followed by a diamond mesh codend, have revealed problems with performance and efficiency. Size selectivity gear alternatives to this configuration are being pursued, and recent studies of codends with shortened lastridges have reported promising ... -
Cave-dwelling gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Brazil: state of the art and conservation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-26)An up-to-date list of exclusively cave-dwelling gastropod species recorded in Brazil is presented including updated taxonomy, detailed geographic information, and illustration of types. The list includes 18 cave-exclusive (troglobitic) gastropods encompassing 15 land and three freshwater species, with the status of further species pending additional studies. Their unusual morphology and diversity ... -
Fossil molluscs from the Middle Miocene of Öhningen, southwestern Germany
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-06-17)Herein, we revise an extensive set of mollusc fossils from the Upper Freshwater Molasse deposits of Öhningen palaeolake (SW Germany; Middle Miocene, MN7). Based on material housed in paleontological collections in Europe and North America, we present the first thorough systematic account of the phylum from this historic locality. A total of ten species were identified from Öhningen: three freshwater ... -
Report of the expert meeting on food safety for seaweed – Current status and future perspectives
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2022)The world production of marine macroalgae, or seaweed, has more than tripled since the turn of the millennium, increasing from 10.6 million tonnes in 2000 to 32.4 million tonnes in 2018. Increased cultivation and utilization of seaweed are expected to be important pillars of sustainable food security and a robust aquatic economy in the coming years. It is important, therefore, to consider the food ... -
Effect of Extension Piece Design on Catch Patterns in a Mediterranean Bottom Trawl Fishery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-18)The catch composition of bottom trawls is commonly refined and improved through changes in codend design. Measures like reducing the number of meshes in codend circumference or turning diamond netting by 90 degrees are well known to improve the size selectivity of fish species with rounded cross-sectional shape. Based on this we speculated whether the same measures, if applied in other parts of ... -
Radiological detection of nephrocalcinosis in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-08-14)Nephrocalcinosis is a common disorder in nurseries in Norway (Klykken, Reed, et al., 2022) and was reported as one of the main welfare challenges in farmed salmon by The Norwegian Fish Health Report of 2019 (Sommerset et al., 2020). Nephrocalcinosis is described as deposits of minerals within the kidneys (Bruno, 1996), that can disturb kidney function, which in turn can have dramatic consequences ... -
Distribution of biodiversity of wild beet species (Genus Beta L.) in Armenia under ongoing climate change conditions
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-09-24)The reported annual temperature increase and significant precipitation drop in Armenia impact the country’s ecosystems and biodiversity. The present study surveyed the geographical distribution of the local wild beet species under the ongoing climate change conditions. We showed that B. lomatogona, B. corolliflora and B. macrorhiza are sensitive to climate change and were affected to various degrees, ... -
The Rapid Expansion of the Jumping Snail Ovachlamys fulgens in Brazil
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-09-29)The exotic Japanese jumping snail, Ovachlamys fulgens, was first recorded in Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in 2013. Based on data gathered from the literature, natural history collections, field samplings, and the iNaturalist platform, we assess its current distribution in the country. Our data show that the jumping snail has had a dramatic range expansion since its introduction, reaching six ... -
The impact of climate sensitive factors on the exposure to organohalogenated contaminants in an aquatic bird exploiting both marine and freshwater habitats
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-27)To assess how climate-sensitive factors may affect the exposure to organochlorines (OCs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), we monitored concentrations in eggs of the common goldeneye (<i>Bucephala clangula</i>) over two decades (1999–2019) in central Norway. The goldeneye alternates between marine and freshwater habitats and is sensitive to climate variation, especially due to alterations in ... -
Memorable tourism experiences and critical outcomes among nature-based visitors: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-08-11)Intense global competition for natural resources, manifesting in negative environmental externalities, has forced hospitality and tourism stakeholders to adopt strategies that may result in economic growth in tandem with environmental conservation. One such strategy is to cultivate travellers’ loyalty to the tourism destinations and encourage them to participate in environmentally friendly ... -
Drivers of behavioural transition in foraging adult female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) tracked from Bouvetøya
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-10-18)Southern elephant seals are abundant top trophic predators with a circumpolar distribution in the Southern Ocean. They spend up to 80% of their life at sea on long-ranging migrations to remote foraging grounds. During breeding and moulting they haulout on subantarctic islands. During these migrations they dive continuously to great depth, encountering various environmental conditions. They ... -
Excess DHA Induces Liver Injury via Lipid Peroxidation and Gut Microbiota-Derived Lipopolysaccharide in Zebrafish
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-28)Being highly unsaturated, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are prone to lipid peroxidation. In this study, zebrafish were fed with low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), or 2% DHA-supplemented HFD (HFDHA2.0). To study the possible negative effects of the high level of dietary DHA, growth rates, blood chemistry, liver histology, hepatic oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ... -
Svalbard reindeer winter diets: Long-term dietary shifts to graminoids in response to a changing climate
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-09-07)Arctic ecosystems are changing dramatically with warmer and wetter conditions resulting in complex interactions between herbivores and their forage. We investigated how Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) modify their late winter diets in response to long-term trends and interannual variation in forage availability and accessibility. By reconstructing their diets and foraging ... -
Why are Svalbard Arctic foxes Brucella spp. seronegative?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2022-07-06)Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) are susceptible to smooth Brucella (s-Brucella) infection and may be exposed to such bacteria through the consumption of infected marine mammals, as implied by the finding of s-Brucella antibodies in polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Arctic foxes in Svalbard have not previously been investigated for s-Brucella antibodies, but such antibodies have been detected in Arctic ...