Feeding studies give an indication about the role and position of species within ecosystems and provide crucial knowledge for management. Traditional methods are based on morphological identification of prey. DNA metabarcoding is a promising tool that allow for identification of specific prey items, also when highly digested. A total of 63 stomachs from three skate species caught in the Barents Sea ...

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been extensively used to explore phylogenetics since the its use became available. This science is considered useful in discerning relationships and evolutionary histories that are not possible with morphological studies alone. The sleeper sharks (genus: Somniosus) are a group of poorly understood, long-lived, iconic species whose taxonomic status within the genus have ...

Studying baleen whales is challenging and complex, where observation of their habitat, sensory modalities, behavior and physiology, are infrequent and brief. The biochemical and biophysical contribution of mysticetes serve a vital role in maintaining a healthy marine ecosystem, but they are facing anthropogenic threats. Before giving any indications of how these threats affect the baleen whales, it ...

The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an anadromous salmonid that begins its life cycle in freshwater streams then, develops, in a process known as smoltification, into a marine-adapted fish prior to its migration to the sea. Smoltification is a photoperiod regulated process which involves extensive change in the salmons’ physiology. In recent years smoltification procedures in aquaculture has been ...

Abstract Since 2017, Norway has experienced a large influx of Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbusha), and this species occurrence has created challenges for society, businesses, the environment, and policymakers. However, there is currently no consensus on whether pink salmon is a new resource or a pest in Norway. While some people perceive pink salmon as a food resource and a good recreational ...

Production cycles in birds are proposed as prime cases of indirect interactions in food webs. They are thought to be driven by predators switching from rodents to bird nests in the crash phase of rodent population cycles. Although rodent cycles are geographically widespread and found in different rodent taxa, bird production cycles appear to be most profound in the high Arctic where lemmings ...

<p>Climate change is a major concern in the Arctic region, as large amounts of organic carbon (C) are stored in permafrost soils and sediments. Increasing average temperatures have the potential to release that C and making it available to biologic activity. Carbon-rich, anoxic soils such as peatlands are inhabited by methanogenic archaea that can metabolize by-products of microbial C decomposition ...

The brain of diving mammals is repeatedly exposed to low oxygen conditions (hypoxia) that would have caused severe damage to most terrestrial mammals. Some whales may dive for > 2 h with their brain remaining active. Many of the physiological adaptations of whales to diving have been investigated, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms that enable their brain to survive sometimes ...

Living organisms show seasonality in a wide array of functions such as reproduction, fattening, hibernation, and migration. At temperate latitudes, changes in photoperiod maintain the alignment of annual rhythms with predictable changes in the environment.The appropriate physiological response to changing photoperiod in mammals requires retinal detection of light and pineal secretion of melatonin, ...

This article discusses what promotes motivation and learning in students of project management. It is based on a qualitative study with six students from different project groups at a higher education institution in Norway. The study shows that ownership of self-chosen projects and regular feedback from the supervisor lead to hard work, intrinsic motivation and learning in all phases of the project. ...